将字符串分成不同行的多个字符串

问题描述

我有一个数据框，其中包含一个长字符串，每个字符串都与一个样本相关联：

I have a data frame that contains a long character string each associated with a 'Sample':

Sample  Data
  1     000000000000000000000000000N01000000000000N0N000000000N00N0000NN00N0N000000100000N00N0N0000000NNNN011111111111111111111111111111110000000000000000000N000000N0000000000N
  2     000000000000000000000000000N01000000000000N0N000000000N00N0000NN00N0N000000100000N00N0N0000000NNNN011111111111111111111111111111110000000000000000000N000000N0000000000N

我想码的简单的方法来打破这种字符串分成以下格式的5个部分：

I would like to code an easy way to break this string into 5 pieces in the following format:

Sample X
CCT6 - Characters 1-33
GAT1 - Characters 34-68
IMD3 - Characters 69-99
PDR3 - Characters 100-130
RIM15 - Characters 131-168

为每个样本提供如下所示的输出：

Giving an output that looks like this for each sample:

Sample 1
CCT6 - 000000000000000000000000000N01000
GAT1 - 000000000N0N000000000N00N0000NN00N0
IMD3 - N000000100000N00N0N0000000NNNN0
PDR3 - 1111111111111111111111111111111
RIM15 - 0000000000000000000N000000N0000000000N

$ b $ >我已经能够使用 substr 函数将长字符串分成单个片段，但是id希望能够将其自动化，因此我可以在一个输出中获得全部5个片段。理想情况下，此输出也将是一个数据帧。

I've been able to use the substr function to break the long string into individual pieces but id like to able to automate it so I can get all 5 pieces in one output. Ideally this output would also be a data frame.

推荐答案

这就是？read.fwf 用于。

首先是一些看起来像您的问题的数据：

First some data which looks like your question:

x <- data.frame(Sample = c(1, 2), Data = c("000000000000000000000000000N01000000000000N0N000000000N00N0000NN00N0N000000100000N00N0N0000000NNNN011111111111111111111111111111110000000000000000000N000000N0000000000N",
"000000000000000000000000000N01000000000000N0N000000000N00N0000NN00N0N000000100000N00N0N0000000NNNN011111111111111111111111111111110000000000000000000N000000N0000000000N"),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

现在使用 read.fwf ，指定每个字段的宽度及其名称，然后都应为字符模式。我们将示例数据的文本列包装在 textConnection 中，以便将其视为 read通常理解的连接。* 等功能。

Now use read.fwf, specify the widths of each field and their names, and that all should be of mode character. We wrap the text column of the example data in textConnection so that we can treat it like a connection understood generally by the read.* and other functions.

(strs <- read.fwf(textConnection(x$Data), widths = c(33, 35, 31, 31, 38), colClasses = "character", col.names = c("CCT6", "GAT1", "IMD3", "PDR3", "RIM15")))


                               CCT6                                GAT1                            IMD3                            PDR3                                  RIM15
1 000000000000000000000000000N01000 000000000N0N000000000N00N0000NN00N0 N000000100000N00N0N0000000NNNN0 1111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000N000000N0000000000N
2 000000000000000000000000000N01000 000000000N0N000000000N00N0000NN00N0 N000000100000N00N0N0000000NNNN0 1111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000N000000N0000000000N

现在循环遍历各行，并按照示例打印每行：

Now loop over the rows and print out each one as per your example:

for (i in 1:nrow(strs)) {
  writeLines(paste("Sample", i))
  writeLines(paste(names(strs), strs[i, ], sep = " - "))
}

赠予，例如：

Sample 2
CCT6 - 000000000000000000000000000N01000
GAT1 - 000000000N0N000000000N00N0000NN00N0
IMD3 - N000000100000N00N0N0000000NNNN0
PDR3 - 1111111111111111111111111111111
RIM15 - 0000000000000000000N000000N0000000000N

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