如何跳过文件的第一行-AWK

问题描述

我是awk的初学者.我创建了一个包含员工信息的文件.有不同部门的员工.我想算一下每个部门有多少员工.喜欢

I am beginner to awk.I have created one file which contains employee information.There are employees in different departments. And i wanna count that how many employees in each department.like

marketing        3
sales            3
production       4

为此，我使用了以下命令.

For that i used following command.

awk 'NR>1 {dept=$5} {count[dept]++} END {for (dept in count) {print dept count[dept]}}' emp

但是在上面的代码中，它计数并显示第一行，即标头.喜欢

But above code it count and displays the first line i.e header also.like

marketing 3
sales 3
department 1
production 4

其中department是列的标题，尽管我使用了NR> 1.以及如何增加空间或增加所有列的宽度..因为它看起来像上面的输出..但我想正​​确显示它..那么对此有什么解决办法吗?

where department is a header of column which is also counted although i used NR>1..And how to add space or increase the width of all columns.. because it looks like above output.. but i wanna display it properly..So any solution for this?

这是我的输入文件

empid       empname     department
101         ayush    sales
102         nidhi    marketing
103         priyanka    production
104         shyam    sales
105         ami    marketing
106         priti    marketing
107         atuul    sales
108         richa    production
109         laxman    production
110         ram     production

推荐答案

使用 GNU printf 以正确的制表符间隔格式

Use GNU printf for proper tab-spaced formatting

awk 'NR>1 {count[$3]++} END {for (dept in count) {printf "%-15s%-15s\n", dept, count[dept]}}' file

如果printf "%3s"

• 3:表示输出将填充为3个字符.

• 3: meaning output will be padded to 3 characters.

在man awk中，您可以看到更多详细信息:

From man awk, you can see more details:

width   The field should be padded to this width. The field is normally padded
        with spaces. If the 0  flag  has  been  used, it is padded with zeroes.

.prec   A number that specifies the precision to use when printing.  For the %e,
        %E, %f and %F, formats, this specifies the number of digits you want
        printed to the right of the decimal point. For the %g, and %G formats,
        it specifies the maximum number of significant  digits. For the %d, %o,
        %i, %u, %x, and %X formats, it specifies the minimum number of digits to
        print. For %s, it specifies the maximum number of characters from the
        string that should be printed.

您可以根据需要添加填充计数.对于您指定的输入文件

You can add the padding count as you need. For the input file you specified

$ awk 'NR>1 {count[$3]++} END {for (dept in count) {printf "%-15s%-15s\n", dept, count[dept]}}' file
production     4
marketing      3
sales          3

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