无法构建gem原生扩展 | 无法构建gem原生扩展

本文介绍了无法构建gem原生扩展的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

最终结果是我试图在我的操作系统10.7.3上安装Ruby on Rails，但遇到各种问题。

另外，我有一个新安装的XCode 4.3来自App Store。

当我启动终端时，输入：

  sudo gem install rails

并且写出：

 构建原生扩展。这可能需要一段时间... 
错误：安装rails出错：
错误：无法构建gem本机扩展。 
 
 /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb 
 mkmf.rb无法找到ruby的头文件在/ System / Library / Frameworks / Ruby.framework / Versions / 1.8 / usr / lib / ruby / ruby.h 
 
 
 Gem文件将保留在/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/中json-1.6.5进行检查。 
结果记录到/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/json-1.6.5/ext/json/ext/parser/gem_make.out

在我找到的所有修复中，都说安装了XCode，而且它运行得很好。但是，我没有卸载以前版本的XCode来安装最新版本，所以我想知道是否有任何关系。

编辑1：
我遵循Jasdeep建议并安装了RVM。但是，一旦我运行：

  sudo rvm install 1.9.3

我得到以下结果：

 获取yaml-0.1.4。 tar.gz到/Users/xxx/.rvm/archives 
将yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz提取到/Users/xxx/.rvm/src 
在/ Users / xxx /中配置yaml。 RVM / SRC / YAML-0.1.4。 
运行'./configure --prefix =/ Users / xxx / .rvm / usr'错误，请阅读/Users/xxx/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p0/yaml/configure .log 
在/Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4中编译yaml。 
运行'make'时出错，请阅读/Users/xxx/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p0/yaml/make.log 
 
 
数据库文件/用户/ xxx / .rvm / config / packages不存在。 
 
 gcc-4.2：尝试执行错误'/usr/bin/i686-apple-darwin11-gcc-4.2.1'：execvp：没有这样的文件或目录
从源代码安装Ruby到：/Users/xxx/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0，这可能需要一段时间取决于你的cpu（s）... 
 
 ruby-1.9.3-p0 -  #fetching 
 ruby-1.9.3-p0  - ＃下载ruby-1.9.3-p0，这可能需要一段时间，具体取决于您的连接... 
％总计％收到％Xferd平均速度时间时间时间当前
上传总花费左转速度
 100 9330k 100 9330k 0 0 645k 0 0:00:14 0:00:14  - ： - ： -  1260k 
 ruby- 1.9.3-p0  -  #extracting ruby-1.9.3-p0到/Users/xxx/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p0 
 ruby-1.9.3-p0  -  #extracted to / Users /xxx/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p0 
 ruby-1.9.3-p0  -  #configuring 
运行'./configure --prefix = / Users / xxx / .rvm /rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0 --enable-shared --disable-install-doc --with-libyaml --with-opt-dir = / Users / xxx / .rvm / usr'，请阅读/Users/xxx/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p0/configure.log 
运行configure时出错。停止安装。

然后我查找了日志文件中的内容，..ruby-1.9.3-p0 /yaml/configure.log：

  [2012-03-03 22:49:50] ./configure --prefix = /Users/xxx/.rvm/usr
检查BSD兼容安装... / usr / bin / install -c 
检查构建环境是否理智...是
检查线程安全的mkdir -p ... config / install-sh -c -d 
检查gawk ... no 
检查mawk ... no 
检查nawk ... no 
检查awk ... awk 
检查make sets $（MAKE）... no 
检查gcc ... no 
检查cc ... no 
检查cl.exe ... no 
 configure：error：in`/Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4'：
 configure：错误：在$ PATH中找不到可接受的C编译器
查看`config.log'以获取更多详细信息

pre $ 没有可接受的C编译器在$ PATH中找到

编辑2：

我遵循了matt的指示，并且一旦我安装了命令行工具（因为我现在有Xcode 4.3）就能够进一步获得更多信息。然而，我仍然收到一个错误：
取得yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz到/ Users / xxx / .rvm / archives 将yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz提取到/Users/xxx/.rvm/src 在/Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4中配置yaml 。在/Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4中编译yaml。将yaml安装到/Users/xxx/.rvm/usr gcc-4.2：尝试执行'/usr/bin/i686-apple-darwin11-gcc-4.2.1'时出错：execvp：No这样的文件或目录将Ruby从源代码安装到：/Users/xxx/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0，这可能需要一段时间，具体取决于您的cpu（s）... ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #fetching ruby-1.9.3-p0 - ＃提取到/Users/xxx/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p0（已提取） ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #configuring 运行'./configure --prefix = / Users / xxx / .rvm / rubies / ruby-1.9.3-p0 --enable- shared --disable-install-doc --with-libyaml --with-opt-dir = / Users / xxx / .rvm / usr'，请阅读/Users/xxx/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3- p0 / configure.log 运行configure时出错。停止安装。
下面是configure.log（对不起，这篇文章太长了，但希望它可以帮助其他人：

[2012-03-04 09:29:35] ./configure --prefix =/ Users / xxx / .rvm / usr 检查BSD兼容安装... / usr / bin / install -c 检查构建环境是否健全...是检查线程安全的mkdir -p ... config / install-sh -c -d 检查gawk ...没有检查mawk ...没有检查nawk ... no 检查awk ... awk 检查是否make sets $（MAKE）...是检查gcc ... gcc 检查C编译器是否工作。 ..是检查C编译器的默认输出文件名... a.out 检查可执行文件的后缀... 检查我们是否正在交叉编译... no 检查目标文件的后缀... o 检查我们是否使用GNU C编译器...是检查gcc是否接受-g ...是检查gcc选项接受ISO C89 ...无需检查make所使用的包含样式... GNU 检查gcc的依赖样式... gcc3 检查如何运行C预处理器。 .. gcc -E 检查ln -s是否工作...是检查是否make sets $（MAKE）...（缓存）是检查编译系统类型... x86_64 -apple-darwin11.3.0 检查主机系统类型... x86_64-apple-darwin11.3.0 检查不截断输出的sed ... / usr / bin / sed 检查处理长行的grep和-e ... / usr / bin / grep 检查egrep ... / usr / bin / grep -E 检查fgrep ... / usr / bin / grep -F 检查gcc使用的ld ... /usr/llvm-gcc-4.2/libexec/gcc/i686-apple-darwin11/4.2.1/ld 检查链接器（/usr/llvm-gcc-4.2/libexec/gcc/i686-apple-darwin11/4.2.1/ld）是GNU ld ... no 检查BSD或MS兼容名称lister（nm） ... / usr / bin / nm 检查名称列表器（/ usr / bin / nm）接口... BSD nm 检查最大值ngth命令行参数... 196608 检查shell是否理解一些XSI结构...是检查shell是否理解+ =...是检查/ usr /llvm-gcc-4.2/libexec/gcc/i686-apple-darwin11/4.2.1/ld选项重新加载对象文件... -r 检查objdump ... no 检查如何识别相关库... pass_all 检查ar ... ar 检查strip ... strip 检查ranlib ... ranlib 检查命令以解析/ usr / bin / nm输出来自gcc对象... ok 检查dsymutil ... dsymutil 检查nmedit ... nmedit 检查lipo ... lipo 检查for otool ... otool 检查otool64 ... no 检查-single_module链接器标志...是检查-exported_symbols_list链接器标志...是检查对于ANSI C头文件...是检查sys / types.h ...是检查sys / stat.h ...是检查stdlib.h ..是检查是否符合条件gh ..是检查memory.h ...是检查strings.h ...是检查inttypes.h ...是检查stdint .h ...是检查unistd.h ...是检查dlfcn.h ...是检查objdir ... .libs 检查是否gcc支持-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions ... no 检查gcc选项以产生PIC ... -fno-common -DPIC 检查gcc PIC标志-fno-common -DPIC是否工作...是检查gcc静态标志-static是否工作...否检查gcc是否支持-c -o file.o ...是检查gcc是否支持-c - o file.o ...（缓存）是检查gcc链接器（/usr/llvm-gcc-4.2/libexec/gcc/i686-apple-darwin11/4.2.1/ld）是否支持共享库。 ..是检查动态链接器特性... darwin11.3.0 dyld 检查如何将库路径硬编码为程序... immediate 检查是否可以删除库... yes 检查libtool是否支持共享库...是 checkin g是否构建共享库...是检查是否构建静态库...是检查doxygen ... false 检查ANSI C头文件...（缓存）是检查stdlib.h ...（缓存）是检查符合ANSI C的常量...是检查size_t ...是配置：创建./config.status config.status：创建yaml-0.1.pc config.status：创建include / Makefile config.status：创建src / Makefile config .status：创建Makefile config.status：创建测试/ Makefile config.status：创建win32 / Makefile config.status：创建config.h config.status：config .h不变 config.status：执行depfiles命令 config.status：执行libtool命令

问题是，在Lion Xcode 4.3中不会默认安装（甚至包括）gcc等命令行工具 - 而这些都是ne在这里结束。在Xcode首选项的下载窗格中，在组件下，请求命令行工具。（请参阅自述文件：）实际上我相信你根本不需要安装Xcode，因为实际上命令行工具现在可以单独下载和安装。

End result is I'm trying to get Ruby on Rails installed on my OS 10.7.3, but having various issues.
Also, I have a freshly installed XCode 4.3 from the App Store.
When I fire up the terminal, and enter:
sudo gem install rails
and it writes out:
Building native extensions. This could take a while... ERROR: Error installing rails: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb mkmf.rb can't find header files for ruby at /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/lib/ruby/ruby.h Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/json-1.6.5 for inspection. Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/json-1.6.5/ext/json/ext/parser/gem_make.out
In all of the fixes I'm finding says to install XCode, which I have and runs just fine. However, I did uninstall a previous version of XCode to install the latest version, so I'm wondering if there is any relation there.
EDIT 1:I've followed Jasdeep suggestion and installed RVM. But once i run:
sudo rvm install 1.9.3
I get the following:
Fetching yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /Users/xxx/.rvm/archives Extracting yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /Users/xxx/.rvm/src Configuring yaml in /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4. Error running ' ./configure --prefix="/Users/xxx/.rvm/usr" ', please read /Users/xxx/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p0/yaml/configure.log Compiling yaml in /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4. Error running 'make ', please read /Users/xxx/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p0/yaml/make.log Database file /Users/xxx/.rvm/config/packages does not exist. gcc-4.2: error trying to exec '/usr/bin/i686-apple-darwin11-gcc-4.2.1': execvp: No such file or directory Installing Ruby from source to: /Users/xxx/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)... ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #fetching ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #downloading ruby-1.9.3-p0, this may take a while depending on your connection... % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 9330k 100 9330k 0 0 645k 0 0:00:14 0:00:14 --:--:-- 1260k ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #extracting ruby-1.9.3-p0 to /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p0 ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #extracted to /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p0 ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #configuring Error running ' ./configure --prefix=/Users/xxx/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0 --enable-shared --disable-install-doc --with-libyaml --with-opt-dir=/Users/xxx/.rvm/usr ', please read /Users/xxx/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p0/configure.log There has been an error while running configure. Halting the installation.
So then I looked up what was in the log file, ..ruby-1.9.3-p0/yaml/configure.log:
[2012-03-03 22:49:50] ./configure --prefix="/Users/xxx/.rvm/usr" checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... config/install-sh -c -d checking for gawk... no checking for mawk... no checking for nawk... no checking for awk... awk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... no checking for gcc... no checking for cc... no checking for cl.exe... no configure: error: in `/Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4': configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH See `config.log' for more details
So now it appears the error is:
no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
Edit 2:
I've followed matt's instructions and was able to get further once I got the command-line tools installed (since I have Xcode 4.3 now). However, I'm still getting an error:
Fetching yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /Users/xxx/.rvm/archives Extracting yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /Users/xxx/.rvm/src Configuring yaml in /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4. Compiling yaml in /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4. Installing yaml to /Users/xxx/.rvm/usr gcc-4.2: error trying to exec '/usr/bin/i686-apple-darwin11-gcc-4.2.1': execvp: No such file or directory Installing Ruby from source to: /Users/xxx/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)... ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #fetching ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #extracted to /Users/xxx/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p0 (already extracted) ruby-1.9.3-p0 - #configuring Error running ' ./configure --prefix=/Users/xxx/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0 --enable-shared --disable-install-doc --with-libyaml --with-opt-dir=/Users/xxx/.rvm/usr ', please read /Users/xxx/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p0/configure.log There has been an error while running configure. Halting the installation.
Below is the configure.log (sorry this post is getting so long, but hopefully it can help others too):
[2012-03-04 09:29:35] ./configure --prefix="/Users/xxx/.rvm/usr" checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... config/install-sh -c -d checking for gawk... no checking for mawk... no checking for nawk... no checking for awk... awk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking for gcc... gcc checking whether the C compiler works... yes checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out checking for suffix of executables... checking whether we are cross compiling... no checking for suffix of object files... o checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed checking for style of include used by make... GNU checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3 checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E checking whether ln -s works... yes checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... (cached) yes checking build system type... x86_64-apple-darwin11.3.0 checking host system type... x86_64-apple-darwin11.3.0 checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /usr/bin/sed checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E checking for fgrep... /usr/bin/grep -F checking for ld used by gcc... /usr/llvm-gcc-4.2/libexec/gcc/i686-apple-darwin11/4.2.1/ld checking if the linker (/usr/llvm-gcc-4.2/libexec/gcc/i686-apple-darwin11/4.2.1/ld) is GNU ld... no checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm) interface... BSD nm checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 196608 checking whether the shell understands some XSI constructs... yes checking whether the shell understands "+="... yes checking for /usr/llvm-gcc-4.2/libexec/gcc/i686-apple-darwin11/4.2.1/ld option to reload object files... -r checking for objdump... no checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all checking for ar... ar checking for strip... strip checking for ranlib... ranlib checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm output from gcc object... ok checking for dsymutil... dsymutil checking for nmedit... nmedit checking for lipo... lipo checking for otool... otool checking for otool64... no checking for -single_module linker flag... yes checking for -exported_symbols_list linker flag... yes checking for ANSI C header files... yes checking for sys/types.h... yes checking for sys/stat.h... yes checking for stdlib.h... yes checking for string.h... yes checking for memory.h... yes checking for strings.h... yes checking for inttypes.h... yes checking for stdint.h... yes checking for unistd.h... yes checking for dlfcn.h... yes checking for objdir... .libs checking if gcc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no checking for gcc option to produce PIC... -fno-common -DPIC checking if gcc PIC flag -fno-common -DPIC works... yes checking if gcc static flag -static works... no checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... yes checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes checking whether the gcc linker (/usr/llvm-gcc-4.2/libexec/gcc/i686-apple-darwin11/4.2.1/ld) supports shared libraries... yes checking dynamic linker characteristics... darwin11.3.0 dyld checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes checking whether to build shared libraries... yes checking whether to build static libraries... yes checking for doxygen... false checking for ANSI C header files... (cached) yes checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes checking for an ANSI C-conforming const... yes checking for size_t... yes configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating yaml-0.1.pc config.status: creating include/Makefile config.status: creating src/Makefile config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating tests/Makefile config.status: creating win32/Makefile config.status: creating config.h config.status: config.h is unchanged config.status: executing depfiles commands config.status: executing libtool commands
解决方案
The problem is that in Lion Xcode 4.3 doesn't by default install (or even include) the command-line tools such as gcc - and those are what are needed here. In the Downloads pane of Xcode's prefs, under Components, ask for the command-line tools. (See the readme: https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/WhatsNewXcode/Chapters/xcode_4_0.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40016147-SW35)
Actually I believe you didn't need to install Xcode at all, since in fact the command-line tool can now be downloaded and installed separately.

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