问题描述
我正在查看 网络 Python 标题中提到的命令及其区别；但是，我对这些命令的完整基本了解并不满意.
I was looking on a web of Python the commands mentioned in title and their difference; however, I have not satisfied with a complete basic understanding of these commands.
假设我的文件只有以下内容.
Suppose my file has only the following content.
这是我第一次在这个网站上提出问题，如果有人能澄清我对学习 Python 的疑问，我将不胜感激.我感谢 StackOverflow 提供这个平台.
在命令read()、readline()和readlines()中，一个区别当然是读取整个文件，或者单行，或指定行.
In the commands read(), readline() and readlines(), one difference is of course reading whole file, or a single line, or specified line.
但我不明白这些命令中括号 () 的使用/必要性.例如，readline() 和 readline(7) 有什么区别?如果参数 7 超过文件中的行数，会输出什么?
But I didn't understand the use/necessity of bracket () in these commands. For example, what is the difference in readline() and readline(7)? If the argument 7 exceeds the number of lines in the file, what will be output?
在上面提到的网页上，解释了read() 中的参数是做什么的；但是没有提到 readline() 或 readlines() 中的参数是做什么的?
On the web mentioned above, it is explained what the argument in read() does; but it is not mentioned what the argument in readline() or readlines() does?
推荐答案
read(n)
filevar.read()
读取并返回 n 个字符的字符串，如果未提供 n，则将整个文件作为单个字符串返回.
Reads and returns a string of n characters, or the entire file as a single string if n is not provided.
readline(n)
filevar.readline()
返回文件的下一行，其中包含包括换行符在内的所有文本.如果将 n 作为参数提供，则如果行长于 n，则仅返回 n 个字符.
Returns the next line of the file with all text up to and including the newline character. If n is provided as a parameter than only n characters will be returned if the line is longer than n.
readlines(n)
filevar.readlines()
返回一个字符串列表，每个字符串代表文件的一行.如果未提供 n，则返回文件的所有行.如果提供了 n，则读取 n 个字符，但将 n 舍入以返回整行.
Returns a list of strings, each representing a single line of the file. If n is not provided then all lines of the file are returned. If n is provided then n characters are read but n is rounded up so that an entire line is returned.
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