问题描述
如果我想将 A 重命名为 B ，但仅当 B 不存在时，天真的事情是检查 B 存在(带有 access("B"，F_OK)或类似的东西)，并且如果没有继续进行 rename .不幸的是，这打开了一个窗口，在此期间其他一些过程可能会决定创建 B ，然后它会被覆盖-甚至更糟的是，没有迹象表明发生过类似的事情.
If I want to rename A to B, but only if B doesn't exist, the naive thing would be checking if B exists (with access("B", F_OK) or something like that), and if it doesn't proceeding with rename. Unfortunately this opens a window during which some other process might decide to create B, and then it gets overwritten - and even worse there's no indication that something like that ever happened.
其他文件系统访问功能不受此影响- open 具有 O_EXCL (这样可以安全地复制文件)，最近Linux拥有了完整的系列> * at 可以防止大多数其他竞争条件的系统调用-但不是特定条件(存在 renameat ，但可以防止完全不同的问题).
Other file system access functions don't suffer from this - open has O_EXCL (so copying files is safe), and recently Linux got an entire family of *at syscalls that protect against most other race conditions - but not this particular one (renameat exists, but protects against an entirely different problem).
那么有解决方案吗?
推荐答案
从Linux内核3.15(于2014年6月发布)开始，可以使用syscall(__ NR_renameat2，AT_FDCWD，"source-file"，AT_FDCWD，"dest-file"，RENAME_NOREPLACE)(包括< syscall.h> ，< fcntl.h> 和< linux/fs.h> >).
As of Linux kernel 3.15 (released in June 2014), this can be done with syscall(__NR_renameat2, AT_FDCWD, "source-file", AT_FDCWD, "dest-file", RENAME_NOREPLACE) (include <syscall.h>, <fcntl.h> and <linux/fs.h>).
这比link()更好，因为永远不会存在两个文件名同时存在的情况(特别是对于link()而言，定时断电可能会导致两个名字永远保留).
This is better than link(), because there is never a point where both filenames exist simultaneously (in particular, with link(), a precisely-timed power outage could cause both names to remain forever).
glibc 2.28(于2018年8月发布)添加了一个renameat2()包装器，因此您可以使用它而不是syscall.h和linux/fs.h(尽管您很可能需要< stdio.h> 和 #define __GNU_SOURCE ).
glibc 2.28 (released in August 2018) adds a renameat2() wrapper, so you can use that instead of syscall.h and linux/fs.h (though you'll most likely need <stdio.h> and #define __GNU_SOURCE instead).
有关更多详细信息，请参见 http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/rename.2.html(虽然在撰写本文时确实如此，但不知道 glibc 现在有一个 renameat2 包装器).
For more details, see http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/rename.2.html (though it does, as of writing, not know that glibc now has a renameat2 wrapper).
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