问题描述
这是我的文件夹结构:
Mopy/ # no init.py !
bash/
__init__.py
bash.py # <--- Edit: yep there is such a module too
bass.py
bosh/
__init__.py # contains from .. import bass
bsa_files.py
...
test_bash\
__init__.py # code below
test_bosh\
__init__.py
test_bsa_files.py
在 test_bash\__init__.py
我有:
import sys
from os.path import dirname, abspath, join, sep
mopy = dirname(dirname(abspath(__file__)))
assert mopy.split(sep)[-1].lower() == 'mopy'
sys.path.append(mopy)
print 'Mopy folder appended to path: ', mopy
在 test_bsa_files.py
中:
import unittest
from unittest import TestCase
import bosh
class TestBSAHeader(TestCase):
def test_read_header(self):
bosh.bsa_files.Header.read_header()
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
现在当我发出:
python.exe "C:\_\JetBrains\PyCharm 2016.2.2\helpers\pycharm\utrunner.py" C:\path\to\Mopy\test_bash\test_bosh\test_bsa_files.py true
我明白了:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\_\JetBrains\PyCharm 2016.2.2\helpers\pycharm\utrunner.py", line 124, in <module>
modules = [loadSource(a[0])]
File "C:\_\JetBrains\PyCharm 2016.2.2\helpers\pycharm\utrunner.py", line 43, in loadSource
module = imp.load_source(moduleName, fileName)
File "C:\Dropbox\eclipse_workspaces\python\wrye-bash\Mopy\test_bash\test_bosh\test_bsa_files.py", line 4, in <module>
import bosh
File "C:\Dropbox\eclipse_workspaces\python\wrye-bash\Mopy\bash\bosh\__init__.py", line 50, in <module>
from .. import bass
ValueError: Attempted relative import beyond toplevel package
由于Mopy"在 sys.path 中并且 bosh\__init__.py
已正确解决,为什么它会抱怨顶级包上方的相对导入?哪个是顶级包 ?
Since 'Mopy" is in the sys.path and bosh\__init__.py
is correctly resolved why it complains about relative import above the top level package ? Which is the top level package ?
顺便说一下,这是我向旧项目添加测试的尝试 - 在 Python 测试包布局中询问过但已关闭作为 Python 单元测试去哪里? 的副本.非常感谢对我当前测试包布局的评论!
Incidentally this is my attempt to add tests to a legacy project - had asked in Python test package layout but was closed as a duplicate of Where do the Python unit tests go?. Comments on my current test package layout are much appreciated !
好吧,下面的答案在我的情况下不起作用:
Well the answer below does not work in my case:
模块 bash.py 是应用程序的入口点,包含:
The module bash.py is the entry point to the application containing:
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
当我使用 import bash.bosh
或 from bash import bosh
时,我得到:
When I use import bash.bosh
or from bash import bosh
I get:
C:\_\Python27\python.exe "C:\_\JetBrains\PyCharm 2016.2.2\helpers\pycharm\utrunner.py" C:\Dropbox\eclipse_workspaces\python\wrye-bash\Mopy\test_bash\test_bosh\test_bsa_files.py true
Testing started at 3:45 PM ...
usage: utrunner.py [-h] [-o OBLIVIONPATH] [-p PERSONALPATH] [-u USERPATH]
[-l LOCALAPPDATAPATH] [-b] [-r] [-f FILENAME] [-q] [-i]
[-I] [-g GAMENAME] [-d] [-C] [-P] [--no-uac] [--uac]
[--bashmon] [-L LANGUAGE]
utrunner.py: error: unrecognized arguments: C:\Dropbox\eclipse_workspaces\python\wrye-bash\Mopy\test_bash\test_bosh\test_bsa_files.py true
Process finished with exit code 2
此用法信息来自 bash 中的 main().
This usage message is from the main() in bash.
推荐答案
TLDR: Do
import bash.bosh
或
from bash import bosh
避免修改sys.path
,因为这会重复模块.
Avoid modifying sys.path
, as this duplicates modules.
当你这样做
import bosh
它将导入模块 bosh
.这意味着 Mopy/bash
在您的 sys.path
中,python 在那里找到文件 bosh
并将其导入.该模块现在以 bosh
的名称全球知名.bosh
本身是模块还是包并不重要,它只改变 bosh.py
或 bosh/__init__.py
是用过.
it will import the module bosh
. This means Mopy/bash
is in your sys.path
, python finds the file bosh
there, and imports it. The module is now globally known by the name bosh
. Whether bosh
is itself a module or package doesn't matter for this, it only changes whether bosh.py
or bosh/__init__.py
is used.
现在,当 bosh
尝试做
from .. import bass
这不是一个文件系统操作(一个目录,文件bass"),而是一个模块名称操作.它的意思是一个包升级,模块低音".bosh
不是从它的包中导入的,而是它自己导入的.因此,不可能上升一个包裹 - 您最终会到达包裹 ''
,这是无效的.
this is not a file system operation ("one directory up, file bass") but a module name operation. It means "one package level up, module bass". bosh
wasn't imported from its package, but on its own, though. So going up one package is not possible - you end up at the package ''
, which is not valid.
让我们看看当你这样做时会发生什么
Let's look at what happens when you do
import bash.bosh
相反.首先,导入package bash
.然后,bosh
被导入为该包的一个模块 - 它被全局称为 bash.bosh
,即使您使用了 frombash 导入 bosh
.
instead. First, the package bash
is imported. Then, bosh
is imported as a module of that package - it is globally know as bash.bosh
, even if you used from bash import bosh
.
当 bosh
出现时
from .. import bass
现在可以使用了:从 bash.bosh
上一级可以让您进入 bash
.从那里,bass
被导入为 bash.bass
.
that one works now: going one level up from bash.bosh
gets you to bash
. From there, bass
is imported as bash.bass
.
这篇关于尝试在顶级包之外进行相对导入的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持!