Swift 字符串通过字符串文字 vs 初始值设定项

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问题描述

在其他语言(例如 Java)中，实际上通过字符串文字获得的字符串与初始化程序获得的字符串之间存在差异.在 Swift 中，它们在底层是等效的吗?

In other languages such as Java, under the hood there is actually a difference between string obtained via string literal vs initializer. In Swift, are they equivalent under the hood?

例如

var string:String = ""
var string:String = String()

有关文字之间差异的信息，请参阅此SO 帖子和 Java 中的对象.

Refer to this SO post for info on differences between literal and object in Java.

推荐答案

根据 Apple 文档，声明是等效的:

The declarations are equivalent according to the Apple docs:

初始化一个空字符串

要创建一个空字符串值作为构建更长字符串的起点，请为变量分配一个空字符串文字，或者使用初始化语法初始化一个新的 String 实例:

To create an empty String value as the starting point for building a longer string, either assign an empty string literal to a variable, or initialize a new String instance with initializer syntax:

var emptyString = ""               // empty string literal
var anotherEmptyString = String()  // initializer syntax
// these two strings are both empty, and are equivalent to each other

参考:https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/StringsAndCharacters.html

如果我们查看程序集，我们会看到两个构造函数使用相同的指令.

If we look at the assembly, we will see that the two constructors use identical instructions.

string.swift:

let str = String()
let str2 = ""

编译后的程序集(swiftc -emit-assembly string.swift):

    .section    __TEXT,__text,regular,pure_instructions
    .macosx_version_min 14, 3
    .globl  _main
    .align  4, 0x90
_main:
    .cfi_startproc
    pushq   %rbp
Ltmp0:
    .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
Ltmp1:
    .cfi_offset %rbp, -16
    movq    %rsp, %rbp
Ltmp2:
    .cfi_def_cfa_register %rbp
    subq    $16, %rsp
    movq    _globalinit_33_1BDF70FFC18749BAB495A73B459ED2F0_token4@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rax
    movq    _globalinit_33_1BDF70FFC18749BAB495A73B459ED2F0_func4@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rcx
    xorl    %edx, %edx
    movl    %edi, -4(%rbp)
    movq    %rax, %rdi
    movq    %rsi, -16(%rbp)
    movq    %rcx, %rsi
    callq   _swift_once
    movq    _globalinit_33_1BDF70FFC18749BAB495A73B459ED2F0_token5@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rdi
    movq    _globalinit_33_1BDF70FFC18749BAB495A73B459ED2F0_func5@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rax
    xorl    %r8d, %r8d
    movl    %r8d, %edx
    movq    __TZvOSs7Process5_argcVSs5Int32@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rcx
    movl    -4(%rbp), %r8d
    movl    %r8d, (%rcx)
    movq    %rax, %rsi
    callq   _swift_once
    movq    __TZvOSs7Process11_unsafeArgvGVSs20UnsafeMutablePointerGS0_VSs4Int8__@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rax
    movq    -16(%rbp), %rcx
    movq    %rcx, (%rax)
    callq   __TFSSCfMSSFT_SS
    leaq    L___unnamed_1(%rip), %rdi
    xorl    %r8d, %r8d
    movl    %r8d, %esi
    movl    $1, %r8d
    movq    %rax, __Tv6string3strSS(%rip)
    movq    %rdx, __Tv6string3strSS+8(%rip)
    movq    %rcx, __Tv6string3strSS+16(%rip)
    movl    %r8d, %edx
    callq   __TFSSCfMSSFT21_builtinStringLiteralBp8byteSizeBw7isASCIIBi1__SS
    xorl    %r8d, %r8d
    movq    %rax, __Tv6string4str2SS(%rip)
    movq    %rdx, __Tv6string4str2SS+8(%rip)
    movq    %rcx, __Tv6string4str2SS+16(%rip)
    movl    %r8d, %eax
    addq    $16, %rsp
    popq    %rbp
    retq
    .cfi_endproc

    .globl  __Tv6string3strSS
.zerofill __DATA,__common,__Tv6string3strSS,24,3
    .globl  __Tv6string4str2SS
.zerofill __DATA,__common,__Tv6string4str2SS,24,3
    .section    __TEXT,__cstring,cstring_literals
L___unnamed_1:
    .space  1

    .no_dead_strip  __Tv6string3strSS
    .no_dead_strip  __Tv6string4str2SS
    .linker_option "-lswiftCore"
    .section    __DATA,__objc_imageinfo,regular,no_dead_strip
L_OBJC_IMAGE_INFO:
    .long   0
    .long   512


.subsections_via_symbols

请注意 str 和 str2 的声明具有相同的说明:

Notice that the declarations for str and str2 have identical instructions:

xorl    %r8d, %r8d
movl    %r8d, %esi
movl    $1, %r8d
movq    %rax, __Tv6string3strSS(%rip)
movq    %rdx, __Tv6string3strSS+8(%rip)
movq    %rcx, __Tv6string3strSS+16(%rip)
movl    %r8d, %edx

# ...

xorl    %r8d, %r8d
movq    %rax, __Tv6string4str2SS(%rip)
movq    %rdx, __Tv6string4str2SS+8(%rip)
movq    %rcx, __Tv6string4str2SS+16(%rip)
movl    %r8d, %eax

您可以通过查看 Apple 的文档.

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