使用请求模块发出Python HTTPS请求的正确方法?

问题描述

我必须使用Python发出HTTPS请求，并且我正在使用请求模块来尝试简化我的生活.

I have to make an HTTPS request in Python, and I am using the requests module to try to make my life easier.

该请求需要具有标头和3个FORM参数URL编码.这就是我正在做的:

The request needs to have a header and 3 FORM parameters URL encoded. This is what I am doing:

header = {'Content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'Authorization':'Basic ' + encoded_string, 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Host':'host.host.com'}

payload='grant_type=authorization_code&code=' + request.args['code'] + '&state=' + request.args['state'] + '&redirect_uri=http://xxx.xyz.com/request_listener'

url = 'https://serviceprovider.xxx.com/auth/j_oauth_resolve_access_code'

response = requests.post(url, data=payload, headers=header, verify=False)

当我尝试返回 response 的 content 或 text 时，我得到一个空字符串.但是，当我打印实际的 response 对象时，它表示它是< Response [200]> ，但是如果实际上是200 OK，则服务器我在发布时也应该转到我指定的redirect_uri，我会在那里收到通知.

When I try to return the content or text of the response, I get an empty string. However, when I print the actual response object, it says it is a <Response [200]>, but if this were actually a 200 OK then the server I am POSTing too should go to the redirect_uri I have specified and I would get a notification there.

这没有发生，我对原因感到迷茫.

This is not happening, and I am mystified as to why.

推荐答案

您的代码正在与Requests库对抗:您自己在做很多事情，Requests会为您做这些事情.

Your code is fighting the Requests library: you're doing a lot of stuff yourself that Requests will do for you.

首先，不要自己对数据进行格式编码，而让Requests通过提供一个指向 data 的字典来完成它，就像@flyer的建议答案一样.

Firstly, don't form-encode your data yourself, let Requests do it by providing a dictionary to data, like @flyer's answer suggested.

执行此操作时，请求还将正确设置Content-Type标头，因此您不必这样做.另外，请不要发送 Connection 标头:请求将为您管理.同样适用于 Host 标头:发送 Host 标头只会导致问题.

When you do this, Requests will also correctly set the Content-Type header, so you don't have to. Also, please don't send a Connection header: Requests will manage it for you. The same applies to Host headers: sending a Host header can only cause problems.

最后，不要自己设置Authorization标头，而让Requests通过为其提供身份验证凭据来完成.惯用的请求代码为:

Finally, don't set the Authorization header yourself, let Requests do it by providing it with your authentication credentials. The idiomatic Requests code would be:

payload = {
    'grant_type': 'authorization_code',
    'code': request.args['code'],
    'state': request.args['state'],
    'redirect_uri': 'http://xxx.xyz.com/request_listener',
}

url = 'https://serviceprovider.xxx.com/auth/j_oauth_resolve_access_code'

response = requests.post(url, data=payload, verify=False)

如果这不起作用，那么我怀疑您的有效载荷数据不正确.

If that doesn't work, then I would suspect your payload data is bad.

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