本文介绍了如何模拟 Android NFC Tag 对象以进行单元测试的处理方法,对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧!

问题描述

我目前正在开发一个需要 NFC 集成的 Android 项目.现在我想编写一些 (j) 单元测试来查看应用程序是否可以接收 NFC 意图(特别是 ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED)并将给定的标签(在 NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG 中)放在总线系统.但是令我惊讶的是,我无法创建 Tag 实例或模拟实例.有人可以向我解释我如何(单元)测试吗?

I'm currently working on an Android project which needs NFC integration. Now I want to write some (j)unit tests to see if the application can receive NFC intents (specifically ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED) and put the given tag (in NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG) on a bus system. However to my surprise I cannot create a Tag instance or mock one. Can someone explain to me how I can (unit) test?

此时我什至会接受某种形式的集成测试,即:

At this point I would even accept a form of integration testing, the process of:

  1. 检测 NFC 意图
  2. 获取 Tag 对象
  3. 把它放在包裹在CardDetectedEvent中的总线上.
  1. Detect the NFC Intent
  2. Get the Tag object
  3. Put it on the bus wrapped in a CardDetectedEvent.

我有一部启用 NFC 的手机和几张用于测试的卡.

I have a phone with NFC enabled and a few cards for testing.

Android SDK 版本:19
使用的库:robolectric、junit 和 mockito

Android SDK version: 19
Libraries used: robolectric, junit and mockito

推荐答案

可以使用反射创建一个模拟标签对象实例(注意这不是公共 Android SDK 的一部分,因此在未来的 Android 版本中可能会失败).

It's possible to create a mock tag object instance using reflection (note that this is not part of the public Android SDK, so it might fail for future Android versions).

  1. 通过反射获取createMockTag()方法:

Class tagClass = Tag.class;
Method createMockTagMethod = tagClass.getMethod("createMockTag", byte[].class, int[].class, Bundle[].class);

  • 定义一些常量来准备模拟标签实例:

  • Define some constants for preparing the mock tag instance:

    final int TECH_NFC_A = 1;
    final String EXTRA_NFC_A_SAK = "sak";    // short (SAK byte value)
    final String EXTRA_NFC_A_ATQA = "atqa";  // byte[2] (ATQA value)
    
    final int TECH_NFC_B = 2;
    final String EXTRA_NFC_B_APPDATA = "appdata";    // byte[] (Application Data bytes from ATQB/SENSB_RES)
    final String EXTRA_NFC_B_PROTINFO = "protinfo";  // byte[] (Protocol Info bytes from ATQB/SENSB_RES)
    
    final int TECH_ISO_DEP = 3;
    final String EXTRA_ISO_DEP_HI_LAYER_RESP = "hiresp";  // byte[] (null for NfcA)
    final String EXTRA_ISO_DEP_HIST_BYTES = "histbytes";  // byte[] (null for NfcB)
    
    final int TECH_NFC_F = 4;
    final String EXTRA_NFC_F_SC = "systemcode";  // byte[] (system code)
    final String EXTRA_NFC_F_PMM = "pmm";        // byte[] (manufacturer bytes)
    
    final int TECH_NFC_V = 5;
    final String EXTRA_NFC_V_RESP_FLAGS = "respflags";  // byte (Response Flag)
    final String EXTRA_NFC_V_DSFID = "dsfid";           // byte (DSF ID)
    
    final int TECH_NDEF = 6;
    final String EXTRA_NDEF_MSG = "ndefmsg";              // NdefMessage (Parcelable)
    final String EXTRA_NDEF_MAXLENGTH = "ndefmaxlength";  // int (result for getMaxSize())
    final String EXTRA_NDEF_CARDSTATE = "ndefcardstate";  // int (1: read-only, 2: read/write, 3: unknown)
    final String EXTRA_NDEF_TYPE = "ndeftype";            // int (1: T1T, 2: T2T, 3: T3T, 4: T4T, 101: MF Classic, 102: ICODE)
    
    final int TECH_NDEF_FORMATABLE = 7;
    
    final int TECH_MIFARE_CLASSIC = 8;
    
    final int TECH_MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT = 9;
    final String EXTRA_MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_IS_UL_C = "isulc";  // boolean (true: Ultralight C)
    
    final int TECH_NFC_BARCODE = 10;
    final String EXTRA_NFC_BARCODE_BARCODE_TYPE = "barcodetype";  // int (1: Kovio/ThinFilm)
    

  • 为您的标签类型创建技术附加包.例如,对于带有 NDEF 消息的 NFC-A 标签:

  • Create the tech-extras bundle for your tag type. For instance, for an NFC-A tag with an NDEF message:

    Bundle nfcaBundle = new Bundle();
    nfcaBundle.putByteArray(EXTRA_NFC_A_ATQA, new byte[]{ (byte)0x44, (byte)0x00 }); //ATQA for Type 2 tag
    nfcaBundle.putShort(EXTRA_NFC_A_SAK , (short)0x00); //SAK for Type 2 tag
    
    Bundle ndefBundle = new Bundle();
    ndefBundle.putInt(EXTRA_NDEF_MAXLENGTH, 48); // maximum message length: 48 bytes
    ndefBundle.putInt(EXTRA_NDEF_CARDSTATE, 1); // read-only
    ndefBundle.putInt(EXTRA_NDEF_TYPE, 2); // Type 2 tag
    NdefMessage myNdefMessage = ...; // create an NDEF message
    ndefBundle.putParcelable(EXTRA_NDEF_MSG, myNdefMessage);  // add an NDEF message
    

  • 为您的标签准备一个防冲突标识符/UID(参见 Tag.getId() 方法).例如.类型 2 标记的 7 字节 UID:

  • Prepare an anti-collision identifier/UID for your tag (see Tag.getId() method). E.g. a 7-byte-UID for a Type 2 tag:

    byte[] tagId = new byte[] { (byte)0x3F, (byte)0x12, (byte)0x34, (byte)0x56, (byte)0x78, (byte)0x90, (byte)0xAB };
    

  • 然后就可以通过调用createMockTag()方法来创建一个mock标签实例

  • Then you can create a mock tag instance by invoking the createMockTag() method

    Tag mockTag = (Tag)createMockTagMethod.invoke(null,
            tagId,                                     // tag UID/anti-collision identifier (see Tag.getId() method)
            new int[] { TECH_NFC_A, TECH_NDEF },       // tech-list
            new Bundle[] { nfcaBundle, ndefBundle });  // array of tech-extra bundles, each entry maps to an entry in the tech-list
    

  • 创建该模拟标签对象后,您可以将其作为 NFC 发现意图的一部分发送.例如.对于 TECH_DISCOVERED 意图:

    Once you created that mock tag object, you can send it as part of an NFC discovery intent. E.g. for a TECH_DISCOVERED intent:

    Intent techIntent = new Intent(NfcAdapter.ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED);
    techIntent.putExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_ID, tagId);
    techIntent.putExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG, mockTag);
    techIntent.putExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES, new NdefMessage[]{ myNdefMessage });  // optionally add an NDEF message
    

    然后您可以将此意图发送到您的活动:

    You can then send this intent to your activity:

    techIntent.setComponent(...); // or equivalent to optionally set an explicit receiver
    startActivity(techIntent);
    

    接收者甚至可以使用模拟标签对象来检索技术类的实例.但是,任何需要 IO 操作的方法都会失败.

    The receiver can even use the mock tag object to retrieve instances of the technology classes. However, any method that requires IO operations will fail.

    这篇关于如何模拟 Android NFC Tag 对象以进行单元测试的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持!

    07-22 23:29