如何通过NSURLConnection将带有特殊字符的密码从应用程序提交到Web服务器

问题描述

我必须使用我的Web服务器登录，但一切正常，但不能生成|％<> {}¥^〜之类的密码.我该如何编码这样的密码?

I have to login with my to a web-server.All works fine, but not generated passwords like |%<">{}¥^~ . How I have to encode passwords like this?

我用密码= |％<> {}¥^〜创建一个用户胶印工作(例如，像"user1234"这样的密码可以正常工作)

I create a User with password=|%<">{}¥^~doset work( for example a password like "user1234" works fine)

NSString *userName = self.usernameOutlet.text;
NSString *userPassword = self.passwordOutlet.text;
NSString *escapedString = [self.passwordOutlet.text stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters:[NSCharacterSet URLHostAllowedCharacterSet]];
userPassword = escapedString;
NSString *post = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"login=%@&password=%@",userName,userPassword];
NSData *postData = [post dataUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding allowLossyConversion:YES];
NSString *postLength = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lu",(unsigned long)[postData length]];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] init];
[request setURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://XXXXXXXX/login"]];
[request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
[request setValue:postLength forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];
[request setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
[request setHTTPBody:postData];
NSURLConnection *conn = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self];

使用"user1234"之类的密码，我得到一个cookie

with passwords like "user1234" I get a cookie

使用"|％<> {}¥^〜"之类的密码，我没有得到cookie

with passwords like "|%<">{}¥^~" I get no cookie

我在做什么错了?

推荐答案

想使用URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet很诱人，但这并不适用于所有字符串.显然&和+将不转义通过.

It’s tempting to want to use URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet, but that won’t work for all strings. Notably & and + will pass unescaped.

如果您想知道为什么我们也必须对&和+进行百分比转义，这是因为这两个字符在x-www-form-urlencoded请求中具有特殊含义. &用于在x-www-form-urlencoded请求中定界键值对，因此它将截断您的密码.而且大多数网络服务都将+转换为空格，因此您也希望将其转义.

If you’re wondering why we must percent escape & and +, too, it’s because these two characters have a special meaning in x-www-form-urlencoded requests. The & is used to delimit key-value pairs in a x-www-form-urlencoded request, so it will truncate your password. And most web services translate a + to a space, so you’ll want to percent escape that, too.

因此，我们首先定义一个可以使用的字符集:

So, let’s first define a character set that will work:

// NSCharacterSet+URLQueryValueAllowed.h

@interface NSCharacterSet (URLQueryValueAllowed)

@property (class, readonly, copy) NSCharacterSet *URLQueryValueAllowedCharacterSet;

@end

和

// NSCharacterSet+URLQueryValueAllowed.m

@implementation NSCharacterSet (URLQueryValueAllowed)

+ (NSCharacterSet *)URLQueryValueAllowedCharacterSet {
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    static NSCharacterSet *queryValueAllowed;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        NSMutableCharacterSet *allowed = [[NSCharacterSet URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet] mutableCopy];
        NSString *generalDelimitersToEncode = @":#[]@";   // does not include "?" or "/" due to RFC 3986 - Section 3.4
        NSString *subDelimitersToEncode = @"!$&'()*+,;=";

        [allowed removeCharactersInString:generalDelimitersToEncode];
        [allowed removeCharactersInString:subDelimitersToEncode];

        queryValueAllowed = [allowed copy];
    });
    return queryValueAllowed;
}

@end

然后，为了让我们更轻松，让我们定义NSDictionary类别以对字典进行百分比编码:

Then, to make life easier for us, let’s define NSDictionary category for percent encoding a dictionary:

// NSDictionary+PercentEncoded.h

@interface NSDictionary (PercentEncoded)
- (NSString *)percentEncodedString;
- (NSData *)percentEncodedData;
@end

和

// NSDictionary+PercentEncoded.m

@implementation NSDictionary (PercentEncoded)
- (NSString *)percentEncodedString {
    NSMutableArray<NSString *> *results = [NSMutableArray array];
    NSCharacterSet *allowed = [NSCharacterSet URLQueryValueAllowedCharacterSet];

    for (NSString *key in self.allKeys) {
        NSString *encodedKey = [key stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters:allowed];
        NSString *value = [[self objectForKey:key] description];
        NSString *encodedValue = [value stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters:allowed];
        [results addObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@=%@", encodedKey, encodedValue]];
    }
    return [results componentsJoinedByString:@"&"];
}

- (NSData *)percentEncodedData {
    return [[self percentEncodedString] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
}
@end

然后，您的应用程序代码可以执行以下操作:

Then, your application code can do:

NSDictionary *dictionary = @{@"login": userName, @"password": userPassword};
NSData *body = [dictionary percentEncodedData];

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