“SSL 证书验证失败"使用 pip 安装软件包

问题描述

我正在尝试使用 pip 为 python 安装 Scrapy 包(以及其他包).我尝试使用 python 3 和 python 2 进行安装，我已经安装/升级了 setuptools，如下所示:$ pip3 install --upgrade setuptools，我尝试使用 --trusted-host 选项如下:$ pip3 install --trusted-host pypi.python.org Scrapy.但是当我运行 $ pip3 install Scrapy 时，我总是收到相同的错误消息.完整的输出是这样的:

I am trying to install the Scrapy package (among others) for python using pip. I have tried doing the installation using python 3 and python 2, I have installed/upgraded the setuptools like so: $ pip3 install --upgrade setuptools, I have tried to use the --trusted-host option like so: $ pip3 install --trusted-host pypi.python.org Scrapy. But I always get the same error message when I run $ pip3 install Scrapy. The complete output is this:

Collecting Scrapy
  Using cached Scrapy-1.3.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting PyDispatcher>=2.0.5 (from Scrapy)
  Using cached PyDispatcher-2.0.5.tar.gz
Collecting service-identity (from Scrapy)
  Using cached service_identity-16.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pyOpenSSL (from Scrapy)
  Using cached pyOpenSSL-16.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting w3lib>=1.15.0 (from Scrapy)
  Using cached w3lib-1.17.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting parsel>=1.1 (from Scrapy)
  Using cached parsel-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting queuelib (from Scrapy)
  Using cached queuelib-1.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5.2 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from Scrapy)
Collecting Twisted>=13.1.0 (from Scrapy)
  Using cached Twisted-17.1.0.tar.bz2
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Download error on https://pypi.python.org/simple/incremental/: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:749) -- Some packages may not be found!
    Couldn't find index page for 'incremental' (maybe misspelled?)
    Download error on https://pypi.python.org/simple/: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:749) -- Some packages may not be found!
    No local packages or working download links found for incremental>=16.10.1
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/private/var/folders/gy/5xt04_452z791v1qjs1yzxkh0000gn/T/pip-build-nkv4jozy/Twisted/setup.py", line 21, in <module>
        setuptools.setup(**_setup["getSetupArgs"]())
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/distutils/core.py", line 108, in setup
        _setup_distribution = dist = klass(attrs)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 317, in __init__
        self.fetch_build_eggs(attrs['setup_requires'])
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 372, in fetch_build_eggs
        replace_conflicting=True,
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 851, in resolve
        dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(req, ws, installer)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1123, in best_match
        return self.obtain(req, installer)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1135, in obtain
        return installer(requirement)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 440, in fetch_build_egg
        return cmd.easy_install(req)
      File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 668, in easy_install
        raise DistutilsError(msg)
    distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('incremental>=16.10.1')

    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/gy/5xt04_452z791v1qjs1yzxkh0000gn/T/pip-build-nkv4jozy/Twisted/

我在 Mac OS 版本 10.12.1 上使用 python 3.6.有人知道这个问题的解决方案吗?

I am on a mac OS version 10.12.1 and am using python 3.6.Does anybody know a solution to this problem?

推荐答案

如此处所述 https://bugs.python.org/issue28150 在以前的 python 版本中，Apple 提供了 OpenSSL 包，但现在不再提供.

As stated here https://bugs.python.org/issue28150 in previous versions of python Apple supplied the OpenSSL packages but does not anymore.

运行命令 pip install certifi 然后 pip install Scrapy 为我修复了它

Running the command pip install certifi and then pip install Scrapy fixed it for me

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