CryptographicException “密钥在指定状态下无效."在尝试导出 X509 私钥的 RSAParameters 时

问题描述

我盯着这个看了很长时间，感谢 norefer=true"MSDN 文档 我真的不知道发生了什么.基本上，我将 PFX 文件从光盘加载到 X509Certificate2 并尝试使用公钥加密字符串并使用私钥解密.

I am staring at this for quite a while and thanks to the MSDN documentation I cannot really figure out what's going. Basically I am loading a PFX file from the disc into a X509Certificate2 and trying to encrypt a string using the public key and decrypt using the private key.

为什么我感到困惑:当我将引用传递给 RSACryptoServiceProvider 本身时，加密/解密工作:

Why am I puzzled: the encryption/decryption works when I pass the reference to the RSACryptoServiceProvider itself:

byte[] ed1 = EncryptRSA("foo1", x.PublicKey.Key as RSACryptoServiceProvider);
string foo1 = DecryptRSA(ed1, x.PrivateKey as RSACryptoServiceProvider);

但是如果导出并传递RSAParameter:

byte[] ed = EncryptRSA("foo", (x.PublicKey.Key as RSACryptoServiceProvider).ExportParameters(false));
string foo = DecryptRSA(ed, (x.PrivateKey as RSACryptoServiceProvider).ExportParameters(true));

...它抛出一个在指定状态下使用的密钥无效".尝试将私钥导出到 RSAParameter 时出现异常.请注意，生成 PFX 的证书被标记为可导出(即我在创建证书时使用了 pe 标志).知道导致异常的原因是什么吗?

...it throws a "Key not valid for use in specified state." exception while trying to export the private key to RSAParameter. Please note that the cert the PFX is generated from is marked exportable (i.e. I used the pe flag while creating the cert). Any idea what is causing the exception?

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    X509Certificate2 x = new X509Certificate2(@"C:	empcerts1	est.pfx", "test");
    x.FriendlyName = "My test Cert";

    X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
    store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
    try
    {
        store.Add(x);
    }
    finally
    {
        store.Close();
    }

    byte[] ed1 = EncryptRSA("foo1", x.PublicKey.Key as RSACryptoServiceProvider);
    string foo1 = DecryptRSA(ed1, x.PrivateKey as RSACryptoServiceProvider);

    byte[] ed = EncryptRSA("foo", (x.PublicKey.Key as RSACryptoServiceProvider).ExportParameters(false));
    string foo = DecryptRSA(ed, (x.PrivateKey as RSACryptoServiceProvider).ExportParameters(true));
}

private static byte[] EncryptRSA(string data, RSAParameters rsaParameters)
{
    UnicodeEncoding bytConvertor = new UnicodeEncoding();
    byte[] plainData = bytConvertor.GetBytes(data);

    RSACryptoServiceProvider publicKey = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
    publicKey.ImportParameters(rsaParameters);
    return publicKey.Encrypt(plainData, true);
}

private static string DecryptRSA(byte[] data, RSAParameters rsaParameters)
{
    UnicodeEncoding bytConvertor = new UnicodeEncoding();

    RSACryptoServiceProvider privateKey = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
    privateKey.ImportParameters(rsaParameters);

    byte[] deData = privateKey.Decrypt(data, true);
    return bytConvertor.GetString(deData);
}

private static byte[] EncryptRSA(string data, RSACryptoServiceProvider publicKey)
{
    UnicodeEncoding bytConvertor = new UnicodeEncoding();
    byte[] plainData = bytConvertor.GetBytes(data);

    return publicKey.Encrypt(plainData, true);
}

private static string DecryptRSA(byte[] data, RSACryptoServiceProvider privateKey)
{
    UnicodeEncoding bytConvertor = new UnicodeEncoding();

    byte[] deData = privateKey.Decrypt(data, true);
    return bytConvertor.GetString(deData);
}

只是为了在上面的代码中澄清粗体部分是抛出:string foo = DecryptRSA(ed, (x.PrivateKey as RSACryptoServiceProvider)**.ExportParameters(true)**);

Just to clarify in the code above the bold part is throwing:string foo = DecryptRSA(ed, (x.PrivateKey as RSACryptoServiceProvider)**.ExportParameters(true)**);

推荐答案

我认为问题可能在于密钥未标记为可导出.X509Certificate2 的另一个构造函数采用 X509KeyStorageFlags 枚举.尝试替换该行:

I believe that the issue may be that the key is not marked as exportable. There is another constructor for X509Certificate2 that takes an X509KeyStorageFlags enum. Try replacing the line:

X509Certificate2 x = new X509Certificate2(@"C:	empcerts1	est.pfx", "test");

有了这个:

X509Certificate2 x = new X509Certificate2(@"C:	empcerts1	est.pfx", "test", X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);

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