如何扩展python模块?在python-twitter包中添加新功能

问题描述

扩展现有Python模块的最佳实践是什么?在这种情况下，我想通过向基础API类添加新方法来扩展python-twitter包.

What are the best practices for extending an existing Python module – in this case, I want to extend the python-twitter package by adding new methods to the base API class.

我看过tweepy，我也很喜欢.我只是发现python-twitter更容易理解并扩展了我想要的功能.

I've looked at tweepy, and I like that as well; I just find python-twitter easier to understand and extend with the functionality I want.

我已经编写了方法-我试图找出在不更改此模块核心的情况下将其添加到python-twitter软件包模块中的最Pythonic且破坏性最小的方法.

I have the methods written already – I'm trying to figure out the most Pythonic and least disruptive way to add them into the python-twitter package module, without changing this modules’ core.

推荐答案

几种方法.

简单方法:

不扩展模块，扩展类.

Don't extend the module, extend the classes.

exttwitter.py

exttwitter.py

import twitter

class Api(twitter.Api):
    pass
    # override/add any functions here.

缺点:twitter中的每个类都必须位于exttwitter.py中，即使它只是一个存根(如上)

Downside : Every class in twitter must be in exttwitter.py, even if it's just a stub (as above)

一种更困难的(可能是非Python的)方式:

将*从python-twitter导入一个模块，然后进行扩展.

Import * from python-twitter into a module that you then extend.

例如:

basemodule.py

basemodule.py

 class Ball():
    def __init__(self,a):
        self.a=a
    def __repr__(self):
        return "Ball(%s)" % self.a

def makeBall(a):
    return Ball(a)

def override():
    print "OVERRIDE ONE"

def dontoverride():
    print "THIS WILL BE PRESERVED"

extmodule.py

extmodule.py

from basemodule import *
import basemodule

def makeBalls(a,b):
    foo = makeBall(a)
    bar = makeBall(b)
    print foo,bar

def override():
    print "OVERRIDE TWO"

def dontoverride():
    basemodule.dontoverride()
    print "THIS WAS PRESERVED"

runscript.py

runscript.py

import extmodule

#code is in extended module
print extmodule.makeBalls(1,2)
#returns Ball(1) Ball(2)

#code is in base module
print extmodule.makeBall(1)
#returns Ball(1)

#function from extended module overwrites base module
extmodule.override()
#returns OVERRIDE TWO

#function from extended module calls base module first
extmodule.dontoverride()
#returns THIS WILL BE PRESERVED\nTHIS WAS PRESERVED

我不确定extmodule.py中的double import是否为pythonic-您可以将其删除，但是这样您就无法处理想要扩展basemodule命名空间中的函数的用例.

I'm not sure if the double import in extmodule.py is pythonic - you could remove it, but then you don't handle the usecase of wanting to extend a function that was in the namespace of basemodule.

对于扩展类，只需创建一个新的API(basemodule.API)类即可扩展Twitter API模块.

As far as extended classes, just create a new API(basemodule.API) class to extend the Twitter API module.

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