问题描述
功能 G1()
和 G2()
具有相同的逻辑,但输入的类型有不同的尺寸。为什么他们返回不同的结果负数额?
Functions g1()
and g2()
have identical logic, but the input types have different sizes. Why do they return different results for negative sums?
/*BINFMTCXX: -Wall -Werror -Wextra -std=c++11
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
char g1( int32_t a, uint32_t b ) { return a+b<9; } // fails when a+b is negative
char g2( int16_t a, uint16_t b ) { return a+b<9; } // works if no overflow
int main()
{
for ( int a=-2, b=0; a<=2; a++ )
{
fprintf(stderr,"a=%+d, b=%d, g1=%+d, g2=%+d %s\n", a, b, g1(a,b), g2(a,b), g1(a,b)==g2(a,b)?"":"!" );
}
return 0;
}
当我运行它,它表明 G1()
时失败 A + B
是否定的:
When I run it, it shows that g1()
fails when a+b
is negative:
$ ./mixed_sign_math_per_size.cpp
a=-2, b=0, g1=+0, g2=+1 !
a=-1, b=0, g1=+0, g2=+1 !
a=+0, b=0, g1=+1, g2=+1
a=+1, b=0, g1=+1, g2=+1
a=+2, b=0, g1=+1, g2=+1
的结果是在C和C ++相同的
The results are the same in C and C++.
推荐答案
由于的,无论是 A
和 b
在 G2
的身体都提升到 INT
,这就是为什么该功能很完善。
As a result of the usual arithmetic conversions, both a
and b
in g2
's body are promoted to int
, which is why that function works perfectly well.
有关 G1
,因为( U
) int32_t
没有等级小于 INT
,无促销发生,并且非常最后一颗子弹点(11.5.5)适用。这两个操作数转换为无符号的类型,其中 - 在 A
的情况下 - 会导致下溢,生产比9。因此, G1更大的值
返回 1
(真正
)。
For g1
, because (u
)int32_t
does not have a rank less than that of int
, no promotion occurs, and the very last bullet point (11.5.5) applies. Both operands are converted to the unsigned type, which - in a
's case - causes an underflow, producing a value much greater than 9. Hence g1
returned 1
(true
).
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