问题描述
在自定义表单中,如何验证模型的字段的唯一性(即, unique = True
set)?
$ b $我知道django的ModelForm会自动执行一个
validate_unique()
函数,该函数在BaseModelForm的 clean()
方法 - 所以,当使用ModelForm时,这将被正确处理(如在Admin中)。 然而,我从头开始创建我自己的表单,想知道我该怎么办呢?我认为我最大的障碍是知道清理数据时哪个对象附加在表单上...
一些代码:
class UserProfile(CreatedModifiedModel):
user = models.ForeignKey(User,unique = True)
display_name = models.CharField('Display名称',max_length = 30,
blank = True,unique = True)
class EditUserProfileForm(forms.Form):
display_name = forms.CharField(required = False,max_length = 30)
#通知是从不同的模型创建的,而不是UserProfile
通知= forms.MultipleChoiceField(
标签=电子邮件通知,
必需= False,
widget = forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple,)
def clean_display_name(self):
#如何在此表单上运行我自己的validate_unique()?
#我如何知道我正在使用哪个UserProfile对象?
#更多的代码如下,包括__init__设置通知
唯一的验证很难完全正确,所以建议使用ModelForm:
class EditUserProfileForm(forms.ModelForm):
#通知是从不同的模型创建的,而不是UserProfile
notifications = forms.MultipleChoiceField(
label =电子邮件通知,
required = False,
widget = forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple,)
class Meta:
model = UserProfile
fields =('display_name',)
从多个模型制作表单并不容易,但在这种情况下,您只需添加通知
字段到ModelForm,并像往常一样将它从 .cleaned_data
中取出:
#vi ew
如果request.method =='POST':
form = EditUserProfileForm(request.POST,instance = user_profile)
如果form.is_valid():
user_profile = form。 save()
notifications = form.cleaned_data ['notifications']
#执行某些通知。
这是我该怎么做,但是如果你设置验证自己的独特性,你可以永远执行以下操作:
def clean_display_name(self):
display_name = self.cleaned_data ['display_name']
如果UserProfile.objects.filter(display_name = display_name).count()> 0:
raise ValidationError('此显示名称已被使用')
返回display_name
这里有两个问题。首先,您可以遇到并发问题,其中两个人提交相同的名称,都会通过唯一的检查,但是会出现DB错误。另一个问题是您无法编辑用户个人资料,因为您没有从搜索中排除的ID。您必须将其存储在您的 __ init __
中,然后在清洁中使用:
code> def __init __(self,* args,** kwargs):
...
如果实例在kwargs中:
self.id = kwargs ['instance'] .id
...
def clean_display_name(self):
display_name = self.cleaned_data ['display_name']
qs = UserProfile.objects.filter(display_name = display_name)
如果self.id:
qs = qs.exclude(pk = self.id)
如果qs.count()> 0:
raise ValidationError('此显示名称已被使用')
返回display_name
但是在这一点上,你只是在ModelForms中复制逻辑。
In a custom Form, how does one validate a Model's field's uniqueness (i.e., has unique=True
set)?
I know that django's ModelForm automatically performs a validate_unique()
function that is called within the BaseModelForm's clean()
method -- so, when using ModelForm, this will be handled correctly (as it is in the Admin).
However, I am creating my own form from scratch and wonder how I can go about handling this myself? I think my biggest stumbling block is knowing which object is attached to the form when the data is being cleaned ...
Some code:
class UserProfile(CreatedModifiedModel):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True)
display_name = models.CharField('Display Name',max_length=30,
blank=True,unique=True)
class EditUserProfileForm(forms.Form):
display_name = forms.CharField(required=False,max_length=30)
# "notifications" are created from a different model, not the UserProfile
notifications = forms.MultipleChoiceField(
label="Email Notifications",
required=False,
widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple,)
def clean_display_name(self):
# how do I run my own validate_unique() on this form?
# how do I know which UserProfile object I am working with?
# more code follows, including the __init__ which sets up the notifications
Unique validation is hard to get completely right, so I would recommend using a ModelForm anyways:
class EditUserProfileForm(forms.ModelForm):
# "notifications" are created from a different model, not the UserProfile
notifications = forms.MultipleChoiceField(
label="Email Notifications",
required=False,
widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple,)
class Meta:
model = UserProfile
fields = ('display_name',)
Making a form from multiple models is not easy, but in this case you can just add the notifications
field onto the ModelForm and pull it out of .cleaned_data
as usual:
# view
if request.method == 'POST':
form = EditUserProfileForm(request.POST, instance=user_profile)
if form.is_valid():
user_profile = form.save()
notifications = form.cleaned_data['notifications']
# Do something with notifications.
That's how I would do it, but if you're set on validating unique yourself, you can always do something like:
def clean_display_name(self):
display_name = self.cleaned_data['display_name']
if UserProfile.objects.filter(display_name=display_name).count() > 0:
raise ValidationError('This display name is already in use.')
return display_name
There are two problems I see here. First, you can run into concurrency issues, where two people submit the same name, both pass unique checks, but then one gets a DB error. The other problem is that you can't edit a user profile because you don't have an ID to exclude from the search. You'd have to store it in your __init__
and then use it in the cleaning:
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
...
if 'instance' in kwargs:
self.id = kwargs['instance'].id
...
def clean_display_name(self):
display_name = self.cleaned_data['display_name']
qs = UserProfile.objects.filter(display_name=display_name)
if self.id:
qs = qs.exclude(pk=self.id)
if qs.count() > 0:
raise ValidationError('This display name is already in use.')
return display_name
But at that point you're just duplicating the logic in ModelForms.
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