安装git
下载Git
下载好后，一路next即可
安装好后，打开Git bash，进行配置
首先配置自己的身份
git config --global user.name "Name"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
检查是否配置成功：
git config --global user.name
git config --global user.email
创建代码仓库
仓库是用于保存版本管理所需信息的地方，所有本地提交的代码都会被提交到代码仓库中，如果有需要还可以再推送到远程仓库中。
若要为某项目建立代码仓库，则在git bash中，进入该项目根目录下，然后执行git init即可：
进入对应目录，看到生成了一个.git隐藏文件夹，表示仓库创建成功
如果想要删除本地仓库， 只需要删除这个.git隐藏文件即可
提交本地代码：
代码仓库创建完成之后即可提交代码，提交代码只需要使用add和commit两个命令即可
- add命令用于添加想要提交的代码
- commit则是真正去执行提交操作
// 添加app目录
// 添加所有文件
现在本地仓库内的所有文件都已经添加好了，可以进行一次提交了，执行如下命令：
注意：在commit命令之后，我们一定需要通过-m参数来加上提交的描述信息，没有描述信息的提交被认为是不合法的。
执行完上条命令，所有的代码都已经成功提交了！
查看修改内容
知道了哪些文件有变化，要如何知道这些文件具体变动了什么呢？
需要用到git diff命令
如果需要知道具体某个文件变动了什么，
撤销未提交也未添加的修改
如上文所述：
- 所谓提交，即执行了git commit命令
- 所谓添加，即执行了git add命令
要撤销未提交也未添加的修改，用chekout命令
例如，如果对app/src/main/java/com/example/mosesmin/MainActivity.java进行了修改，但是没有执行git add命令添加它，就可以为其执行git diff命令
执行了上述命令后，我们对MainActivity.java 这个文件所做的修改就应该被撤销了，我们重新运行一下git status命令，检查一下，可以发现，项目中没有任何可以提交的文件，说明撤销操作确实是成功了。
撤销未提交已添加的修改
要撤销未提交却已添加的修改，先用reset命令执行一下，取消添加；再执行一遍checkout命令，执行撤销。
如果一个文件已经执行了添加操作
查看提交记录
查看提交记录，使用git log命令
如果提交记录很多，可以在命令中制定id，并加上 -1参数，表示我们只想看到一条记录，如下所示：
如果想要查看查询的这条提交记录中具体修改了什么内容，可以在命令中加入 -p参数，命令如下所示：
查询的结果中，减号代表删除的部分，加号代表增加的部分
分支的用法
回顾一下上文，如果需要对某项目进行创建仓库和提交项目项目代码到仓库，则执行下述命令
分支的概念：
分支是版本控制中比较高级且比较重要的一个概念，它主要的作用就是在现有代码的基础上开辟一个分叉口，使得代码可以在主干线和分支线上同时进行开发，且相互之间不受影响。
分支的工作原理示例图如下：
使用git branch命令查看分支
如果要创建分支，例如执行如下命令：
如果是在master分支下，则执行：
版本库的切换：
与远程版本库协作--例如与Github上的仓库协作
去Github上创建一个仓库（详细的创建过程这里不介绍了，不会可以度娘）：AndroidProgramming3eMm
创建完成之后的快速指南页面：Quick setup
看到官方推荐的在本地创建新仓库并与Github上AndroidProgramming3eMm仓库关联的操作的步骤，我在每个步骤后加了注释：
echo "# AndroidProgramming3eMm" >> README.md
git init // 创建仓库，把这个目录变成Git可以管理的仓库
git add README.md // 文件添加到仓库
git commit -m "first commit" //把文件提交到仓库
git branch -M main // 创建分支
git remote add origin https://github.com/mosesmindev/AndroidProgramming3eMm.git // 将本地仓库与远程仓库相关联
git push -u origin main /把本地库的所有内容推送到远程库上
看到其中涉及分支的命令：
git branch -M main
其实以前的命令是：
git branch -m master
之所以github官方有修改，是近年来西方左派的政治正确导致的，特别是2020年的黑命贵运动等，master主人的意思对黑人不友好，所以改为了main主要
我们这里分支沿用：git branch -m master
最后一步推送到远程库：git push -u origin master
如果本地已经有了仓库，与Github上AndroidProgramming3eMm仓库关联的操作的步骤：
git remote add origin https://github.com/mosesmindev/AndroidProgramming3eMm.git
git branch -M main
git push -u origin main
我们本地已经有了仓库，所以操作步骤如下：
git branch -m master //其实也不用这步，因为我们使用Git bash默认的仓库分支就是master
git remote add origin https://github.com/mosesmindev/AndroidProgramming3eMm.git
git push -u origin master // 暂时不确认-u参数的含义
但是我们发现执行 git push -u origin master 后上传代码并没有成功，出现了如下报错信息：
因为我们没有对Github账户设置SSH key
为Github账户设置SSH key
如上图，我们得到提示：
表示我们成功生成了key，路径为：/c/Users/HONOR/.ssh/id_rsa.pub，HONOR为用户名，具体到您自己的用户名下查找；我们在该目录下用记事本或其他文本编辑器打开
id_rsa.pub，的到ssh key公钥。
如下图，我们使用SublimeText打开id_rsa.pub
之后，切换到github网站，展开个人头像的小三角，点击settings
然后打开SSH and GPG keys菜单
点击New SSH key新增密钥
填上标题，建议跟仓库名称 AndroidProgramming3eMm 保持一致吧，方便日后区分；接着将id_rsa.pub文件中key粘贴到此，最后点击Add SSH key生成密钥吧
创建成功：
如此，github账号的SSH keys配置完成。
上传项目到Github
如果已经设置了SSH key，此时执行git push依然出现下图问题，可能是本地仓库为空（注意咯：git是不能管理空的文件夹的，文件夹里必须有文件才能add），或者本地仓库没有正确的项目导致的
我们在本地仓库AndroidProgramming3eMm下拷贝一个用Android Studio的标准Android项目GeoQuiz
GeoQuiz结构如下：
然后我们执行相关的命令：
怕上图中的warning坏事儿，可以再git add一次
到此，本地代码已经推送到github仓库了，见证成功的时刻到了，我们现在去githubt仓库看看：
刚创建的空项目是这样的：
刷新一下页面，见证成功的时刻来临了，我们的提交注释和提交的本地仓库内容都在了
copy记录一下整个过程：
HONOR@MosesMin-HonorMagicbook16pro2021 MINGW64 /e/DownloadFiles/BaiduNetdiskDownload/AndroidStudy/00 PDF/AndroidProgramming3eMm
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in E:/DownloadFiles/BaiduNetdiskDownload/AndroidStudy/00 PDF/AndroidProgramming3eMm/.git/
HONOR@MosesMin-HonorMagicbook16pro2021 MINGW64 /e/DownloadFiles/BaiduNetdiskDownload/AndroidStudy/00 PDF/AndroidProgramming3eMm (master)
$ git add.
git: 'add.' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.
The most similar command is
add
HONOR@MosesMin-HonorMagicbook16pro2021 MINGW64 /e/DownloadFiles/BaiduNetdiskDownload/AndroidStudy/00 PDF/AndroidProgramming3eMm (master)
$ git add .
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.gitignore.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/compiler.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/copyright/profiles_settings.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/encodings.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/gradle.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/misc.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/modules.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/runConfigurations.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/.gitignore.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/build.gradle.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/proguard-rules.pro.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/androidTest/java/com/bignerdranch/android/geoquiz/ExampleInstrumentedTest.java.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/java/com/bignerdranch/android/geoquiz/QuizActivity.java.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_quiz.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/values-w820dp/dimens.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/values/colors.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/values/dimens.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/values/styles.xml.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/test/java/com/bignerdranch/android/geoquiz/ExampleUnitTest.java.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/build.gradle.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/gradle.properties.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/gradlew.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/settings.gradle.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 01_FirstApp/LICENSE.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
HONOR@MosesMin-HonorMagicbook16pro2021 MINGW64 /e/DownloadFiles/BaiduNetdiskDownload/AndroidStudy/00 PDF/AndroidProgramming3eMm (master)
$ git add .
HONOR@MosesMin-HonorMagicbook16pro2021 MINGW64 /e/DownloadFiles/BaiduNetdiskDownload/AndroidStudy/00 PDF/AndroidProgramming3eMm (master)
$ git commit -m "001 first commit by MosesMin"
[master (root-commit) db96b62] 001 first commit by MosesMin
35 files changed, 843 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/.DS_Store
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.gitignore
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/compiler.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/copyright/profiles_settings.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/encodings.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/gradle.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/misc.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/modules.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/.idea/runConfigurations.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/.gitignore
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/build.gradle
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/proguard-rules.pro
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/androidTest/java/com/bignerdranch/android/geoquiz/ExampleInstrumentedTest.java
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/java/com/bignerdranch/android/geoquiz/QuizActivity.java
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_quiz.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.png
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.png
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.png
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.png
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.png
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/values-w820dp/dimens.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/values/colors.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/values/dimens.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/main/res/values/styles.xml
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/app/src/test/java/com/bignerdranch/android/geoquiz/ExampleUnitTest.java
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/build.gradle
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/gradle.properties
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/gradlew
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/gradlew.bat
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/GeoQuiz/settings.gradle
create mode 100644 01_FirstApp/LICENSE.txt
HONOR@MosesMin-HonorMagicbook16pro2021 MINGW64 /e/DownloadFiles/BaiduNetdiskDownload/AndroidStudy/00 PDF/AndroidProgramming3eMm (master)
$ git remote add origin https://github.com/mosesmindev/AndroidProgramming3eMm.git
HONOR@MosesMin-HonorMagicbook16pro2021 MINGW64 /e/DownloadFiles/BaiduNetdiskDownload/AndroidStudy/00 PDF/AndroidProgramming3eMm (master)
$ git push -u origin master
fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/mosesmindev/AndroidProgramming3eMm.git/': OpenSSL SSL_read: Connection was reset, errno 10054
HONOR@MosesMin-HonorMagicbook16pro2021 MINGW64 /e/DownloadFiles/BaiduNetdiskDownload/AndroidStudy/00 PDF/AndroidProgramming3eMm (master)
$ git push -u origin master
Enumerating objects: 72, done.
Counting objects: 100% (72/72), done.
Delta compression using up to 16 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (44/44), done.
Writing objects: 100% (72/72), 90.81 KiB | 12.97 MiB/s, done.
Total 72 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
To https://github.com/mosesmindev/AndroidProgramming3eMm.git
* [new branch] master -> master
branch 'master' set up to track 'origin/master'.
HONOR@MosesMin-HonorMagicbook16pro2021 MINGW64 /e/DownloadFiles/BaiduNetdiskDownload/AndroidStudy/00 PDF/AndroidProgramming3eMm (master)
$
参考：
1、郭霖大牛的《Android第一行代码 第二版》
2、将本地项目上传到github，git操作详细指导，不看后悔深度好文！