如何组织大型R程序?

问题描述

当我进行任何复杂的R项目时，我的脚本很快就会变得冗长而混乱.

When I undertake an R project of any complexity, my scripts quickly get long and confusing.

我可以采用哪些实践来使我的代码始终令人愉快?我在考虑类似的东西

What are some practices I can adopt so that my code will always be a pleasure to work with? I'm thinking about things like

• 函数在源文件中的位置
• 何时将某些内容分解到另一个源文件中
• 主文件中应该包含什么
• 使用职能作为组织单位(鉴于R使其难以访问全局状态，这是否值得)
• 缩进/换行惯例.
  • 治疗(如{?
  • 将诸如}}之类的内容放在1或2行上?
  • Placement of functions in source files
  • When to break something out to another source file
  • What should be in the master file
  • Using functions as organizational units (whether this is worthwhile given that R makes it hard to access global state)
  • Indentation / line break practices.
    • Treat ( like {?
    • Put things like )} on 1 or 2 lines?

    基本上，组织大型R脚本的经验法则是什么?

    Basically, what are your rules of thumb for organizing large R scripts?

    推荐答案

    标准答案是使用软件包-请参见编写R扩展手册以及网络上的其他教程.

    The standard answer is to use packages -- see the Writing R Extensions manual as well as different tutorials on the web.

    它给你

    • 一种按主题组织代码的准自动方式
    • 强烈鼓励您编写帮助文件，让您考虑一下界面
    • 通过R CMD check
    进行的健全性检查
    • 添加回归测试的机会
    • 以及命名空间的一种方法.
    • a quasi-automatic way to organize your code by topic
    • strongly encourages you to write a help file, making you think about the interface
    • a lot of sanity checks via R CMD check
    • a chance to add regression tests
    • as well as a means for namespaces.

    只需在代码上运行source()即可处理非常短的代码段.其他所有内容都应放在包中-即使您不打算发布它，因为您可以为内部存储库编写内部包.

    Just running source() over code works for really short snippets. Everything else should be in a package -- even if you do not plan to publish it as you can write internal packages for internal repositories.

    对于如何编辑"部分， R Internals 手册在第6节中具有出色的 R编码标准.否则，我倾向于在 Emacs的ESS模式.

    As for the 'how to edit' part, the R Internals manual has excellent R coding standards in Section 6. Otherwise, I tend to use defaults in Emacs' ESS mode.

    更新2008年8月13日: David Smith刚刚写了关于 Google R样式指南.

    Update 2008-Aug-13: David Smith just blogged about the Google R Style Guide.

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