本文介绍了将 ANTLR 语法翻译成 XText 语法:如何去除句法谓词的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
我是 Xtext 和 ANTLR 的新手.
I'm new to both Xtext and ANTLR.
我需要将 ANTLR (.g) 语法翻译成 XTEXT (.xtext) 语法.在 ANTLR 文法中有一些 Xtext 不支持的句法谓词.
I need to translate an ANTLR (.g) grammar into an XTEXT (.xtext) grammar. In the ANTLR grammar there are syntactic predicates which are not supported by Xtext.
有没有办法删除/翻译这些谓词?
Is there a way to remove/translate these predicates?
谢谢
编辑
我要翻译的 ANTLR 语法可以在这里找到:
The ANTLR grammar which I'm trying to translate can be found here:
/*
* Copyright 2009, Google Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
* met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
* copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
* in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
* distribution.
* * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
// This file contains the ANTLR grammar for parsing GLSL ES into an Abstract
// Syntax Tree (AST).
grammar GLSL_ES;
options {
language = Java;
}
@lexer::header { package glsl_es; }
@parser::header { package glsl_es; }
/* Main entry point */
translation_unit
: ( external_declaration )* EOF
;
variable_identifier
: IDENTIFIER
;
primary_expression
: INTCONSTANT
| FLOATCONSTANT
| BOOLCONSTANT
| variable_identifier
| LEFT_PAREN expression RIGHT_PAREN
;
postfix_expression
: primary_expression_or_function_call
( LEFT_BRACKET integer_expression RIGHT_BRACKET
| DOT field_selection
| INC_OP
| DEC_OP
)*
;
primary_expression_or_function_call
: ( INTCONSTANT ) => primary_expression
| ( FLOATCONSTANT ) => primary_expression
| ( BOOLCONSTANT ) => primary_expression
| ( LEFT_PAREN ) => primary_expression
| ( function_call_header ) => function_call
| primary_expression
;
integer_expression
: expression
;
function_call
: function_call_generic
;
function_call_generic
: function_call_header
(
(VOID)?
| assignment_expression (COMMA assignment_expression)*
)
RIGHT_PAREN
;
function_call_header
: function_identifier LEFT_PAREN
;
// NOTE: change compared to GLSL ES grammar, because constructor_identifier
// has IDENTIFIER (=TYPE_NAME) as one of its arms.
function_identifier
: constructor_identifier
// | IDENTIFIER
;
// Grammar Note: Constructors look like functions, but lexical analysis recognized most of them as
// keywords.
//
// TODO(kbr): do we need to register declared struct types in a dictionary
// and look them up in order to be able to handle the TYPE_NAME constructor
// identifier type?
constructor_identifier
: FLOAT
| INT
| BOOL
| VEC2
| VEC3
| VEC4
| BVEC2
| BVEC3
| BVEC4
| IVEC2
| IVEC3
| IVEC4
| MAT2
| MAT3
| MAT4
// | TYPE_NAME
| IDENTIFIER
;
unary_expression
: (INC_OP | DEC_OP | unary_operator)* postfix_expression
;
// Grammar Note: No traditional style type casts.
unary_operator
: PLUS
| DASH
| BANG
//| TILDE // reserved
;
// Grammar Note: No '*' or '&' unary ops. Pointers are not supported.
multiplicative_expression
: unary_expression ((STAR | SLASH) unary_expression)*
//| multiplicative_expression PERCENT unary_expression // reserved
;
additive_expression
: multiplicative_expression ((PLUS | DASH) multiplicative_expression)*
;
shift_expression
: additive_expression
//| shift_expression LEFT_OP additive_expression // reserved
//| shift_expression RIGHT_OP additive_expression // reserved
;
relational_expression
: shift_expression ((LEFT_ANGLE | RIGHT_ANGLE | LE_OP | GE_OP) shift_expression)*
;
equality_expression
: relational_expression ((EQ_OP | NE_OP) relational_expression)*
;
and_expression
: equality_expression
//| and_expression AMPERSAND equality_expression // reserved
;
exclusive_or_expression
: and_expression
//| exclusive_or_expression CARET and_expression // reserved
;
inclusive_or_expression
: exclusive_or_expression
//| inclusive_or_expression VERTICAL_BAR exclusive_or_expression // reserved
;
logical_and_expression
: inclusive_or_expression (AND_OP inclusive_or_expression)*
;
logical_xor_expression
: logical_and_expression (XOR_OP logical_and_expression)*
;
logical_or_expression
: logical_xor_expression (OR_OP logical_xor_expression)*
;
conditional_expression
: logical_or_expression (QUESTION expression COLON assignment_expression)?
;
assignment_expression
: (unary_expression assignment_operator) => unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
| conditional_expression
;
assignment_operator
: EQUAL
| MUL_ASSIGN
| DIV_ASSIGN
//| MOD_ASSIGN // reserved
| ADD_ASSIGN
| SUB_ASSIGN
//| LEFT_ASSIGN // reserved
//| RIGHT_ASSIGN // reserved
//| AND_ASSIGN // reserved
//| XOR_ASSIGN // reserved
//| OR_ASSIGN // reserved
;
expression
: assignment_expression (COMMA assignment_expression)*
;
constant_expression
: conditional_expression
;
declaration
: (function_header) => function_prototype SEMICOLON
| init_declarator_list SEMICOLON
| PRECISION precision_qualifier type_specifier_no_prec SEMICOLON
;
function_prototype
: function_declarator RIGHT_PAREN
;
function_declarator
: function_header (parameter_declaration (COMMA parameter_declaration)* )?
;
function_header
: fully_specified_type IDENTIFIER LEFT_PAREN
;
parameter_declaration
: (type_qualifier)? (parameter_qualifier)?
( type_specifier
// parameter_declarator
(IDENTIFIER)?
// parameter_type_specifier
(LEFT_BRACKET constant_expression RIGHT_BRACKET)?
)
;
// NOTE: this originally had "empty" as one of the arms in the grammar
parameter_qualifier
: IN
| OUT
| INOUT
;
init_declarator_list
: single_declaration (init_declarator_list_1)*
;
init_declarator_list_1
: COMMA IDENTIFIER (init_declarator_list_2)?
;
init_declarator_list_2
: LEFT_BRACKET constant_expression RIGHT_BRACKET
| EQUAL initializer
;
single_declaration
: fully_specified_type
( IDENTIFIER
( LEFT_BRACKET constant_expression RIGHT_BRACKET
| EQUAL initializer
) ?
) ?
| INVARIANT IDENTIFIER // Vertex only.
;
// Grammar Note: No 'enum', or 'typedef'.
fully_specified_type
: type_specifier
| type_qualifier type_specifier
;
type_qualifier
: CONST
| ATTRIBUTE // Vertex only.
| VARYING
| INVARIANT VARYING
| UNIFORM
;
type_specifier
: type_specifier_no_prec
| precision_qualifier type_specifier_no_prec
;
type_specifier_no_prec
: VOID
| FLOAT
| INT
| BOOL
| VEC2
| VEC3
| VEC4
| BVEC2
| BVEC3
| BVEC4
| IVEC2
| IVEC3
| IVEC4
| MAT2
| MAT3
| MAT4
| SAMPLER2D
| SAMPLERCUBE
| struct_specifier
// | TYPE_NAME
| IDENTIFIER
;
precision_qualifier
: HIGH_PRECISION
| MEDIUM_PRECISION
| LOW_PRECISION
;
struct_specifier
: STRUCT (IDENTIFIER)? LEFT_BRACE struct_declaration_list RIGHT_BRACE
;
struct_declaration_list
: (struct_declaration)+
;
struct_declaration
: type_specifier struct_declarator_list SEMICOLON
;
struct_declarator_list
: struct_declarator (COMMA struct_declarator)*
;
struct_declarator
: IDENTIFIER (LEFT_BRACKET constant_expression RIGHT_BRACKET)?
;
initializer
: assignment_expression
;
declaration_statement
: declaration
;
statement_no_new_scope
: compound_statement_with_scope
| simple_statement
;
simple_statement
options { backtrack=true; }
: declaration_statement
| expression_statement
| selection_statement
| iteration_statement
| jump_statement
;
compound_statement_with_scope
: LEFT_BRACE (statement_list)? RIGHT_BRACE
;
statement_with_scope
: compound_statement_no_new_scope
| simple_statement
;
compound_statement_no_new_scope
: LEFT_BRACE (statement_list)? RIGHT_BRACE
;
statement_list
: (statement_no_new_scope)+
;
expression_statement
: (expression)? SEMICOLON
;
selection_statement
options { backtrack=true; }
: IF LEFT_PAREN expression RIGHT_PAREN statement_with_scope ELSE statement_with_scope
| IF LEFT_PAREN expression RIGHT_PAREN statement_with_scope
;
condition
: expression
| fully_specified_type IDENTIFIER EQUAL initializer
;
iteration_statement
: WHILE LEFT_PAREN condition RIGHT_PAREN statement_no_new_scope
| DO statement_with_scope WHILE LEFT_PAREN expression RIGHT_PAREN SEMICOLON
| FOR LEFT_PAREN for_init_statement for_rest_statement RIGHT_PAREN statement_no_new_scope
;
for_init_statement
options { backtrack=true; }
: expression_statement
| declaration_statement
;
for_rest_statement
: (condition)? SEMICOLON (expression)?
;
jump_statement
: CONTINUE SEMICOLON
| BREAK SEMICOLON
| RETURN (expression)? SEMICOLON
| DISCARD SEMICOLON // Fragment shader only.
;
external_declaration
: (function_header) => function_definition
| declaration
;
function_definition
: function_prototype compound_statement_no_new_scope
;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Keywords
ATTRIBUTE : 'attribute';
BOOL : 'bool';
BREAK : 'break';
BVEC2 : 'bvec2';
BVEC3 : 'bvec3';
BVEC4 : 'bvec4';
CONST : 'const';
CONTINUE : 'continue';
DISCARD : 'discard';
DO : 'do';
ELSE : 'else';
FALSE : 'false';
FLOAT : 'float';
FOR : 'for';
HIGH_PRECISION : 'highp';
IF : 'if';
IN : 'in';
INOUT : 'inout';
INT : 'int';
INVARIANT : 'invariant';
IVEC2 : 'ivec2';
IVEC3 : 'ivec3';
IVEC4 : 'ivec4';
LOW_PRECISION : 'lowp';
MAT2 : 'mat2';
MAT3 : 'mat3';
MAT4 : 'mat4';
MEDIUM_PRECISION : 'mediump';
OUT : 'out';
PRECISION : 'precision';
RETURN : 'return';
SAMPLER2D : 'sampler2D';
SAMPLERCUBE : 'samplerCube';
STRUCT : 'struct';
TRUE : 'true';
UNIFORM : 'uniform';
VARYING : 'varying';
VEC2 : 'vec2';
VEC3 : 'vec3';
VEC4 : 'vec4';
VOID : 'void';
WHILE : 'while';
IDENTIFIER
: ('a'..'z'|'A'..'Z'|'_')('a'..'z'|'A'..'Z'|'_'|'0'..'9')*
;
/*
// TODO(kbr): it isn't clear whether we need to support the TYPE_NAME
// token type; that may only be needed if typedef is supported
TYPE_NAME
: IDENTIFIER
;
*/
// NOTE difference in handling of leading minus sign compared to HLSL
// grammar
fragment EXPONENT_PART : ('e'|'E') (PLUS | DASH)? ('0'..'9')+ ;
FLOATCONSTANT
: ('0'..'9')+ '.' ('0'..'9')* (EXPONENT_PART)?
| '.' ('0'..'9')+ (EXPONENT_PART)?
;
fragment DECIMAL_CONSTANT
: ('1'..'9')('0'..'9')*
;
fragment OCTAL_CONSTANT
: '0' ('0'..'7')*
;
fragment HEXADECIMAL_CONSTANT
: '0' ('x'|'X') HEXDIGIT+
;
fragment HEXDIGIT
: ('0'..'9'|'a'..'f'|'A'..'F')
;
INTCONSTANT
: DECIMAL_CONSTANT
| OCTAL_CONSTANT
| HEXADECIMAL_CONSTANT
;
fragment BOOLCONSTANT
: TRUE
| FALSE
;
// TODO(kbr): this needs much more work
field_selection
: IDENTIFIER
;
//LEFT_OP : '<<'; - reserved
//RIGHT_OP : '>>'; - reserved
INC_OP : '++';
DEC_OP : '--';
LE_OP : '<=';
GE_OP : '>=';
EQ_OP : '==';
NE_OP : '!=';
AND_OP : '&&';
OR_OP : '||';
XOR_OP : '^^';
MUL_ASSIGN : '*=';
DIV_ASSIGN : '/=';
ADD_ASSIGN : '+=';
MOD_ASSIGN : '%=';
// LEFT_ASSIGN : '<<='; - reserved
// RIGHT_ASSIGN : '>>='; - reserved
// AND_ASSIGN : '&='; - reserved
// XOR_ASSIGN : '^='; - reserved
// OR_ASSIGN : '|='; - reserved
SUB_ASSIGN : '-=';
LEFT_PAREN : '(';
RIGHT_PAREN : ')';
LEFT_BRACKET : '[';
RIGHT_BRACKET : ']';
LEFT_BRACE : '{';
RIGHT_BRACE : '}';
DOT : '.';
COMMA : ',';
COLON : ':';
EQUAL : '=';
SEMICOLON : ';';
BANG : '!';
DASH : '-';
TILDE : '~';
PLUS : '+';
STAR : '*';
SLASH : '/';
PERCENT : '%';
LEFT_ANGLE : '<';
RIGHT_ANGLE : '>';
VERTICAL_BAR : '|';
CARET : '^';
AMPERSAND : '&';
QUESTION : '?';
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// skipped elements
WHITESPACE
: ( ' ' | '\t' | '\f' | '\r' | '\n' )
{ $channel = HIDDEN; }
;
COMMENT
: '//' (~('\n'|'\r'))*
{ $channel = HIDDEN; }
;
MULTILINE_COMMENT
: '/*' ( options {greedy=false;} : . )* '*/'
{ $channel = HIDDEN; }
;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Keywords reserved for future use
//RESERVED_KEYWORDS
// : 'asm'
// | 'cast'
// | 'class'
// | 'default'
// | 'double'
// | 'dvec2'
// | 'dvec3'
// | 'dvec4'
// | 'enum'
// | 'extern'
// | 'external'
// | 'fixed'
// | 'flat'
// | 'fvec2'
// | 'fvec3'
// | 'fvec4'
// | 'goto'
// | 'half'
// | 'hvec2'
// | 'hvec3'
// | 'hvec4'
// | 'inline'
// | 'input'
// | 'interface'
// | 'long'
// | 'namespace'
// | 'noinline'
// | 'output'
// | 'packed'
// | 'public'
// | 'sampler1D'
// | 'sampler1DShadow'
// | 'sampler2DRect'
// | 'sampler2DRectShadow'
// | 'sampler2DShadow'
// | 'sampler3D'
// | 'sampler3DRect'
// | 'short'
// | 'sizeof'
// | 'static'
// | 'superp'
// | 'switch'
// | 'template'
// | 'this'
// | 'typedef'
// | 'union'
// | 'unsigned'
// | 'using'
// | 'volatile'
// ;
推荐答案
我会尝试通过删除所有句法谓词并在 Xtext 中启用回溯来直接翻译语法.如果可行，我会尝试通过查看 Antlr 发现的所有问题来消除回溯.如果您应用某些最佳实践(如 Xtext 的操作)来消除左递归，您的语法看起来很像回溯是不必要的.您在 Antlr 语法中应用的一些使用模式将不允许在 Xtext 中使用，因此我敢打赌，一旦将语法转换为 Xtext 兼容版本，大多数句法谓词就不再需要了.
I'd try to translate the grammar directly by removing all syntactic predicates and enabling backtracking in Xtext. If that works, I'd try to eliminate backtracking by reviewing all the problems that Antlr finds. Your grammar looks pretty much like backtracking is not necessary if you apply certain best practices like Xtext's Actions to eliminate left recursion. Some of the usage patterns that you applied in your Antlr grammar will not be allowed in Xtext so I bet that most syntactic predicates will not be necessary any more as soon as so transformed the syntax to an Xtext compliant version.
例如
primary_expression_or_function_call
: ( INTCONSTANT ) => primary_expression
| ( FLOATCONSTANT ) => primary_expression
| ( BOOLCONSTANT ) => primary_expression
| ( LEFT_PAREN ) => primary_expression
| ( function_call_header ) => function_call
| primary_expression
;
实际上类似于:
PrimaryExpression:
IntValue | FloatValue | BooleanValue | Parens | FunctionCall;
与
IntValue: value=INTCONSTANT;
..
Parens: '(' Expression ')';
FunctionCall: function=[Function] '('
(arguments+=Expression (',' arguments+=Expression)*)?
')'
等等.有关详细信息，请查看文档.
and so on. Have a look at the docs for details.
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