在mplot3d中绘制右手坐标系

问题描述

我想从 Python 中创建 3D 坐标变换图.例如，我想创建以下图像(由 TikZ 静态生成):

I want to create plots from Python of 3D coordinate transformations. For example, I want to create the following image (generated statically by TikZ):

经过一番搜索，我找到了以下程序:

A bit of searching led me to the following program:

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import proj3d


class Arrow3D(FancyArrowPatch):
    def __init__(self, xs, ys, zs, *args, **kwargs):
        FancyArrowPatch.__init__(self, (0, 0), (0, 0), *args, **kwargs)
        self._verts3d = xs, ys, zs

    def draw(self, renderer):
        xs3d, ys3d, zs3d = self._verts3d
        xs, ys, zs = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M)
        self.set_positions((xs[0], ys[0]), (xs[1], ys[1]))
        FancyArrowPatch.draw(self, renderer)


fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
arrow_prop_dict = dict(mutation_scale=20, arrowstyle='->', shrinkA=0, shrinkB=0)

a = Arrow3D([0, 1], [0, 0], [0, 0], **arrow_prop_dict, color='r')
ax.add_artist(a)
a = Arrow3D([0, 0], [0, 1], [0, 0], **arrow_prop_dict, color='b')
ax.add_artist(a)
a = Arrow3D([0, 0], [0, 0], [0, 1], **arrow_prop_dict, color='g')
ax.add_artist(a)

ax.text(0.0, 0.0, -0.1, r'$o$')
ax.text(1.1, 0, 0, r'$x$')
ax.text(0, 1.1, 0, r'$y$')
ax.text(0, 0, 1.1, r'$z$')

ax.view_init(azim=-90, elev=90)
ax.set_axis_off()
plt.show()

结果看起来不像通常在书本中看到的那样:

The result doesn't look like what one normally sees in books:

此外，当我包括轴时，原点不在三个平面的交点处，这正是我期望的位置.

Furthermore, when I include the axes, the origin is not at the intersection of the three planes, which is where I expect it to be.

推荐答案

您可以通过更改以下行来更改3D轴的视图:

You may change the view of your 3D axes by changing the following line :

ax.view_init(azim=-90, elev=90)

到

ax.view_init(azim=20, elev=10)

重现您的 TikZ 图，或根据您的喜好将视角更改为任何其他值.

to reproduce your TikZ plot, or change the view angles to any other values as you prefer.

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