如何将次要轴上的网格线放在主要图的后面?

问题描述

以下脚本创建了一个 Figure 实例，该实例在辅助网格线后面具有蓝色直方图，而蓝色网格直方图在橙色累积直方图之后.

 将matplotlib.pyplot导入为plt将numpy导入为npplt.style.use("seaborn-darkgrid")np.random.seed(42)foo = np.random.randn(1000)无花果，ax = plt.subplots()ax.hist(foo，bins = 50)ax2 = ax.twinx()ax2.hist(foo, bins=50, 密度=真, 累积=真, histt​​ype="step", color="tab:orange")plt.show()

我正在寻找一种将网格线置于蓝色直方图后面的方法，并在

The following script creates a Figure instance with a blue histogram behind secondary grid lines, which themselves are behind an orange cumulative histogram.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.style.use("seaborn-darkgrid")
np.random.seed(42)

foo = np.random.randn(1000)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.hist(foo, bins=50)
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax2.hist(
    foo, bins=50, density=True, cumulative=True, histtype="step", color="tab:orange"
)

plt.show()

I was looking for a way to put the grid lines behind the blue histogram, and found a related issue at matplotlib/matplotlib#7984. It says

and this explains why ax2.set_axisbelow(True) has no effect on the primary Axes.

Can I achieve my goal in some way? Workarounds are welcome (I suppose there isn't a canonical solution according to the quote above).

解决方案

Your desired drawing order is (first is most to the back)

• grid for axes
• grid for twin axes
• plot in axes
• plot in twin axes

However this is not possible as seen by the comment

What this means is that you need 4 axes instead of two.

• axes for grid of primary y scale
• axes for grid of secondary y scale
• axes for plot on primary y scale
• axes for plot on secondary y scale

This could look like this:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

np.random.seed(42)

foo = np.random.randn(1000)

fig, ax1a = plt.subplots()  # ax1a for the histogram grid
ax2a = ax1a.twinx()         # ax2a for the cumulative step grid
ax1b = ax1a.twinx()         # ax1b for the histogram plot
ax2b = ax1a.twinx()         # ax2a for the cumulative step plot
# Link the respective y-axes for grid and plot
ax1a.get_shared_y_axes().join(ax1a, ax1b)
ax2a.get_shared_y_axes().join(ax2a, ax2b)
# Remove ticks and labels and set which side to label
ticksoff = dict(labelleft=False, labelright=False, left=False, right=False)
ax1a.tick_params(axis="y", **ticksoff)
ax2a.tick_params(axis="y", **ticksoff)
ax1b.tick_params(axis="y", labelleft=True, labelright=False, left=True, right=False)
ax2b.tick_params(axis="y", labelleft=False, labelright=True, left=False, right=True)
# Spines off
for ax in [ax1a, ax2a, ax1b]:
    for k,v in ax.spines.items():
        v.set_visible(False)

ax1b.hist(foo, bins=50)

ax2b.hist(
    foo, bins=50, density=True, cumulative=True, histtype="step", color="tab:orange"
)
ax1a.grid()
ax2a.grid()
plt.show()

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