在我的测试程序中，为什么从char缓冲区读取一个int的`std :: copy` 5x(！)比`memcpy`要慢?

问题描述

这是对我在哪里发布了该程序:

This is a follow-up to this question where I posted this program:

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <chrono>

class Stopwatch
{
public:
    typedef std::chrono::high_resolution_clock Clock;

    //! Constructor starts the stopwatch
    Stopwatch() : mStart(Clock::now())
    {
    }

    //! Returns elapsed number of seconds in decimal form.
    double elapsed()
    {
        return 1.0 * (Clock::now() - mStart).count() / Clock::period::den;
    }

    Clock::time_point mStart;
};

struct test_cast
{
    int operator()(const char * data) const
    {
        return *((int*)data);
    }
};

struct test_memcpy
{
    int operator()(const char * data) const
    {
        int result;
        memcpy(&result, data, sizeof(result));
        return result;
    }
};

struct test_memmove
{
    int operator()(const char * data) const
    {
        int result;
        memmove(&result, data, sizeof(result));
        return result;
    }
};

struct test_std_copy
{
    int operator()(const char * data) const
    {
        int result;
        std::copy(data, data + sizeof(int), reinterpret_cast<char *>(&result));
        return result;
    }
};

enum
{
    iterations = 2000,
    container_size = 2000
};

//! Returns a list of integers in binary form.
std::vector<char> get_binary_data()
{
    std::vector<char> bytes(sizeof(int) * container_size);
    for (std::vector<int>::size_type i = 0; i != bytes.size(); i += sizeof(int))
    {
        memcpy(&bytes[i], &i, sizeof(i));
    }
    return bytes;
}

template<typename Function>
unsigned benchmark(const Function & function, unsigned & counter)
{
    std::vector<char> binary_data = get_binary_data();
    Stopwatch sw;
    for (unsigned iter = 0; iter != iterations; ++iter)
    {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i != binary_data.size(); i += 4)
        {
            const char * c = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&binary_data[i]);
            counter += function(c);
        }
    }
    return unsigned(0.5 + 1000.0 * sw.elapsed());
}

int main()
{
    srand(time(0));
    unsigned counter = 0;

    std::cout << "cast:      " << benchmark(test_cast(),     counter) << " ms" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "memcpy:    " << benchmark(test_memcpy(),   counter) << " ms" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "memmove:   " << benchmark(test_memmove(),  counter) << " ms" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::copy: " << benchmark(test_std_copy(), counter) << " ms" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "(counter:  " << counter << ")" << std::endl << std::endl;

}

我注意到，由于某些原因，std::copy的性能比memcpy差得多.在我的Mac上使用gcc 4.7的输出看起来像这样.

I noticed that for some reason std::copy performs much worse than memcpy. The output looks like this on my Mac using gcc 4.7.

g++ -o test -std=c++0x -O0 -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic-errors main.cpp
cast:      41 ms
memcpy:    46 ms
memmove:   53 ms
std::copy: 211 ms
(counter:  3838457856)

g++ -o test -std=c++0x -O1 -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic-errors main.cpp
cast:      8 ms
memcpy:    7 ms
memmove:   8 ms
std::copy: 19 ms
(counter:  3838457856)

g++ -o test -std=c++0x -O2 -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic-errors main.cpp
cast:      3 ms
memcpy:    2 ms
memmove:   3 ms
std::copy: 27 ms
(counter:  3838457856)

g++ -o test -std=c++0x -O3 -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic-errors main.cpp
cast:      2 ms
memcpy:    2 ms
memmove:   3 ms
std::copy: 16 ms
(counter:  3838457856)

如您所见，即使使用-O3，它也比memcpy慢5倍(！).

As you can see, even with -O3it is up to 5 times (!) slower than memcpy.

结果在Linux上是相似的.

The results are similar on Linux.

有人知道为什么吗?

推荐答案

那不是我得到的结果:

> g++ -O3 XX.cpp 
> ./a.out
cast:      5 ms
memcpy:    4 ms
std::copy: 3 ms
(counter:  1264720400)

Hardware: 2GHz Intel Core i7
Memory:   8G 1333 MHz DDR3
OS:       Max OS X 10.7.5
Compiler: i686-apple-darwin11-llvm-g++-4.2 (GCC) 4.2.1

在Linux机器上，我得到不同的结果:

On a Linux box I get different results:

> g++ -std=c++0x -O3 XX.cpp 
> ./a.out 
cast:      3 ms
memcpy:    4 ms
std::copy: 21 ms
(counter:  731359744)


Hardware:  Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2670 0 @ 2.60GHz
Memory:    61363780 kB
OS:        Linux ip-10-58-154-83 3.2.0-29-virtual #46-Ubuntu SMP
Compiler:  g++ (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) 4.6.3

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