Perl6 正则表达式匹配数

问题描述

我想从文本字符串的一部分匹配任何 Num.到目前为止，这个(从 https://docs.perl6.org/language/regexes.html#Best_practices_and_gotchas) 完成工作...

I would like to match any Num from part of a text string. So far, this (stolen from from https://docs.perl6.org/language/regexes.html#Best_practices_and_gotchas) does the job...

    my token sign { <[+-]> }
    my token decimal { \d+ }
    my token exponent { 'e' <sign>? <decimal> }
    my regex float {
        <sign>?
        <decimal>?
        '.'
        <decimal>
        <exponent>?
    }
    my regex int {
        <sign>?
        <decimal>
    }
    my regex num {
        <float>?
        <int>?
    }
    $str ~~ s/( <num>? \s*) ( .* )/$1/;

这似乎是对轮子的很多(容易出错的)改造.是否有 perl6 技巧来匹配语法中的内置类型(Num、Real 等)?

This seems like a lot of (error prone) reinvention of the wheel. Is there a perl6 trick to match built in types (Num, Real, etc.) in a grammar?

推荐答案

如果你可以对数字做出合理的假设，比如它被单词边界分隔，你可以这样做:

If you can make reasonable assumptions about the number, like that it's delimited by word boundaries, you can do something like this:

regex number {
   «     # left word boundary
   \S+   # actual "number"
   »     # right word boundary
   <?{ defined +"$/" }>
}

此正则表达式的最后一行将 Match ("$/")，然后尝试将其转换为数字 (+).如果它有效，它返回一个定义的值，否则返回 Failure.这种字符串到数字的转换识别与 Perl 6 语法相同的语法.<?{ ... }> 结构是一个断言，所以如果内部的表达式返回一个假值，它会使匹配失败.

The final line in this regex stringifies the Match ("$/"), and then tries to convert it to a number (+). If it works, it returns a defined value, otherwise a Failure. This string-to-number conversion recognizes the same syntax as the Perl 6 grammar. The <?{ ... }> construct is an assertion, so it makes the match fail if the expression on the inside returns a false value.

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