问题描述
有关在Fortran90中分配文字的几个问题.使用gfortran 4.6.
A few questions regarding assigning literals in Fortran90. Using gfortran 4.6.
程序:
program scratch
implicit none
integer, parameter :: RP = selected_real_kind(15)
real(kind=RP) :: w,x,z
real :: y
w=2.2_RP
x=2.2
y=2.2
z=2.125
print*, w
print*, x
print*, y
print '(F25.23)', y
print*, z
end program scratch
输出:
2.2000000000000002
2.2000000476837158
2.20000005
2.20000004768371582031250
2.1250000000000000
对于每个打印输出，我想了解编译器/处理器在做什么.例如. y用小数点后的7位数字显示，但是如果我们格式化输出，这些其他数字又是哪里来的呢?它们似乎与将默认值real文字2.2分配给更高的精度kind=RP实数x时发生的情况相同.那么这些文字会被转换为基数2，然后再更改精度还是类似的东西?
For each of the printouts I'd like to understand what the compiler/processor is doing. E.g. y is displayed with 7 digits after the decimal point, but if we format the output, where are these other digits coming from? They seem like they're the same ones that occur when a default-real literal 2.2 is assigned to a higher precision, kind=RP real x. So are the literals being converted to base 2, then changing precision afterwards, or something like that?
推荐答案
让我们看一下y的赋值.它是一个单精度变量，您可以为其分配一个单精度值.十进制值将转换为所使用的浮点表示形式，在大多数平台上，其为IEEE单精度，即二进制浮点类型.它具有23位的分数，8位的指数和一个符号位.由于2.2在二进制浮点中不能精确表示，因此您可以得到最接近的(希望是)可表示的值.
Let's look at the assignment to y. It is a single-precision variable and you assign a single-precision value to it. The decimal value is converted to the floating point representation used, which on most platforms is IEEE single precision, a binary floating point type. This has 23 bits of fraction, 8 bits of exponent and a sign bit. Because 2.2 isn't exactly representable in binary floating point, you get the closest (hopefully) representable value.
打印到更多位置时，这些其他数字"是将单精度值转换为十进制数-由于十进制数不精确，因此它倾向于具有其他非零数字.一些实现将为您提供合理数量的附加数字，一些实现可能会在一段时间后开始为您提供零，而某些实现可能仅会为您提供随机数字.
Those "other digits" when you print to more places are the single precision value converted to decimal - since it isn't exact in decimal it tends to have additional non-zero digits. Some implementations will give you a reasonable number of additional digits, some might start to give you zeroes after a while, and some might just give random digits.
2.125在二进制浮点中可以精确表示，因此可以在两个方向上精确转换.
2.125 is exactly representable in binary floating point, so it can be exactly converted in both directions.
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