问题描述
我一直在学习Lisp，以扩大我的视野，因为我听说它已在AI编程中使用.在进行了一些探索之后，我还没有找到AI示例或任何其他使它更倾向于AI的语言.
I've been learning Lisp to expand my horizons because I have heard that it is used in AI programming. After doing some exploring, I have yet to find AI examples or anything in the language that would make it more inclined towards it.
Lisp过去是因为可用而使用过，还是我只是想缺少一些东西?
Was Lisp used in the past because it was available, or is there something that I'm just missing?
推荐答案
在AI中使用Lisp WAS直到1980年代末.然而，在80年代，Common Lisp被推销为商业界的"AI语言".强烈的反对迫使大多数AI程序员使用C ++几年了.如今，原型通常是用较年轻的动态语言(Perl，Python，Ruby等)编写的，成功研究的实现通常是用C或C ++(有时是Java)实现的.
Lisp WAS used in AI until the end of the 1980s. In the 80s, though, Common Lisp was oversold to the business world as the "AI language"; the backlash forced most AI programmers to C++ for a few years. These days, prototypes usually are written in a younger dynamic language (Perl, Python, Ruby, etc) and implementations of successful research is usually in C or C++ (sometimes Java).
如果您对70年代感到好奇...那么，我不在那儿.但是我认为Lisp在AI研究中取得成功的原因有三个(按重要性排序):
If you're curious about the 70's...well, I wasn't there. But I think Lisp was successful in AI research for three reasons (in order of importance):
- Lisp是出色的原型制作工具.很长一段时间以来，这一直是最好的. Lisp仍然擅长解决您尚不知道如何解决的问题.该描述完美地描述了AI.
- Lisp很好地支持符号编程.旧的AI也是象征性的.长期以来，它在这方面也是独一无二的.
- Lisp非常强大.代码/数据的区别较弱，因此与其他语言相比，它们感觉更具扩展性，因为您的函数和宏看起来像内置的东西.
- Lisp is an excellent prototyping tool. It was the best for a very long time. Lisp is still great at tackling a problem you don't know how to solve yet. That description characterises AI perfectly.
- Lisp supports symbolic programming well. Old AI was also symbolic. It was also unique in this regard for a long time.
- Lisp is very powerful. The code/data distinction is weaker so it feels more extensible than other languages because your functions and macros look like the built-in stuff.
我没有彼得·诺维格(Peter Norvig)的旧AI书，但这应该是一种很好的方法学习在Lisp中编程AI算法.
I do not have Peter Norvig's old AI book, but it is supposed to be a good way to learn to program AI algorithms in Lisp.
免责声明:我是计算机语言学的研究生.我知道自然语言处理的子领域比其他领域要好得多.也许Lisp在其他子领域中使用更多.
Disclaimer: I am a grad student in computational linguistics. I know the subfield of natural language processing a lot better than the other fields. Maybe Lisp is used more in other subfields.
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