什么是适用于localhost和0.0.0.0的IPV6?

问题描述

众所周知，localhost的IPv4地址为127.0.0.1(回送地址). localhost和0.0.0.0的IPv6地址是什么，因为我需要阻止一些广告主机.

As we all know the IPv4 address for localhost is 127.0.0.1 (loopback address). What is the IPv6 address for localhost and for 0.0.0.0 as I need to block some ad hosts.

推荐答案

实际上，127.0.0.0/8中的任何IPv4地址都是回送地址.

Actually, any IPv4 address in 127.0.0.0/8 is a loopback address.

在IPv6中，回送范围的直接模拟为::1/128.因此，::1(长格式为0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1)是一个也是唯一的IPv6回送地址.

In IPv6, the direct analog of the loopback range is ::1/128. So ::1 (long form 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1) is the one and only IPv6 loopback address.

阻止0.0.0.0没有任何意义.在IPv4中，它永远不会被路由. IPv6中的等效地址是::地址(长格式为0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0)...也从未路由过.

Blocking 0.0.0.0 makes no sense. In IPv4 it is never routed. The equivalent in IPv6 is the :: address (long form 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0) ... which is also never routed.

0.0.0.0和::地址保留为任何地址".因此，例如，提供Web服务的程序可以 bind 绑定到0.0.0.0端口80，以通过主机的任何IPv4地址接受HTTP连接.这些地址不能作为IP数据包的源地址或目的地址.

The 0.0.0.0 and :: addresses are reserved to mean "any address". So, for example a program that is providing a web service may bind to 0.0.0.0 port 80 to accept HTTP connections via any of the host's IPv4 addresses. These addresses are not valid as a source or destination address for an IP packet.

最后，一些评论询问了::/128与::/0与::的关系.

Finally, some comments were asking about ::/128 versus ::/0 versus ::.

这有什么区别?

严格来说，前两个是CIDR表示法而不是IPv6地址.他们实际上是在指定IP地址的范围. CIDR由IP地址和一个附加数字组成，该数字指定网络掩码中的位数.两者一起指定了地址范围；即通过忽略从给定地址中屏蔽的位形成的地址集.

Strictly speaking, the first two are CIDR notation not IPv6 addresses. They are actually specifying a range of IP addresses. A CIDR consists of a IP address and an additional number that specifies the number of bits in a netmask. The two together specify a range of addresses; i.e. the set of addresses formed by ignoring the bits masked out of the given address.

所以:

• ::表示IPv6地址0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
• ::/128表示0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0，其网络掩码由128位组成.这样就给出了一个网络范围，其中只有一个地址.
• ::/0表示0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0，其网络掩码由0位组成.这样就给出了一个网络范围，其中包含2 个地址.即是整个IPv6地址空间！

• :: means just the IPv6 address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
• ::/128 means 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 with a netmask consisting of 128 bits. This gives a network range with exactly one address in it.
• ::/0 means 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 with a netmask consisting of 0 bits. This gives a network range with 2 addresses in it.; i.e. it is the entire IPv6 address space!

有关更多信息，请阅读有关IPv4&的Wikipedia页面. IPv6地址和CIDR表示法:

For more information, read the Wikipedia pages on IPv4 & IPv6 addresses, and CIDR notation:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4_address
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6_address
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4_address
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6_address
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing

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