问题描述
我正在寻找使用Python和ZeroMQ使用多线程实现REQ-REP模式的方法.
I am looking to implement a REQ-REP pattern with Python and ZeroMQ using multithreading.
使用Python，当新客户端连接到服务器时，我可以创建一个新线程.该线程将处理与该特定客户端的所有通信，直到关闭套接字:
With Python, I can create a new thread when a new client connects to the server. This thread will handle all communications with that particular client, until the socket is closed:
# Thread that will handle client's requests
class ClientThread(threading.Thread):
# Implementation...
def __init__(self, socket):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.socket = socket
def run(self):
while keep_alive:
# Thread can receive from client
data = self.socket.recv(1024)
# Processing...
# And send back a reply
self.socket.send(reply)
while True:
# The server accepts an incoming connection
conn, addr = sock.accept()
# And creates a new thread to handle the client's requests
newthread = ClientThread(conn)
# Starting the thread
newthread.start()
是否可以使用ZeroMQ进行相同[*]?我已经看到了使用ZeroMQ和Python进行多线程处理的一些示例，但是在所有这些示例中，创建的线程池在开始时都具有固定数量的线程，并且似乎更着重于负载平衡.
Is it possible to do the same[*] using ZeroMQ? I have seen some examples of multithreading with ZeroMQ and Python, but in all of them a pool of threads is created with a fixed number of threads at the beginning and it seems to be more oriented to load balancing.
[*]注意我想要的是保持客户端与其线程之间的连接处于活动状态，因为该线程期望来自客户端的多个REQ消息，并且它将存储必须在消息之间保留的信息(即:一个变量)计数器，以在新的REQ消息上增加其值；因此，每个线程都有其自己的变量，并且任何其他客户端都不能访问该线程).新客户=新线程.
[*] Notice what I want is to keep the connection between a client and its thread alive, as the thread is expecting multiple REQ messages from the client and it will store information that must be kept between messages (i.e.: a variable counter that increments its value on a new REQ message; so each thread has its own variable and no other client should ever be able to access that thread). New client = new thread.
推荐答案
是的，ZeroMQ是功能强大的Can-Do工具箱
但是，最大的惊喜是，样本中使用的ZeroMQ< socket >-的结构远比普通的结构更复杂.
Yes, ZeroMQ is a powerfull Can-Do toolbox
However, the major surprise will be, that ZeroMQ <socket>-s are by far more structured than their plain counterparts, you use in the sample.
ZeroMQ在"单个" ZMQ- Context 的框架下构建了一个出色的，抽象丰富的框架，这是(并且将继续存在)唯一的用作共享"的东西.
ZeroMQ builds a remarkable, abstraction-rich framework, under a hood of a "singleton" ZMQ-Context, which is (and shall remain) the only thing used as "shared".
线程不应共享"任何其他派生"对象，无论它们的状态如何，因为出于简洁设计和高性能以及高性能的考虑，已经实现了强大的分布式责任框架体系结构.低延迟.
Threads shall not "share" any other "derived" objects, the less any their state, as there is a strong distributed-responsibility framework architecture implemented, both in the sake of clean-design and a high performance & low-latency.
对于所有ZMQ- Socket -来说，他们应该想象一个更加智能的分层子结构，其中的子结构将减轻对I/O活动的担忧(在ZMQ- Context 责任-因此，保持活动，计时问题和公平队列缓冲/选择轮询问题停止对您来说是可见的...)，具有一种正式的沟通方式行为(由选定的ZMQ- Socket型原型赋予).
For all ZMQ-Socket-s one shall rather imagine a much smarter, layered sub-structure, where one receives off-loaded worries about I/O-activities ( managed inside ZMQ-Context responsibility -- thus keep-alive issues, timing issues and fair-queue buffering / select-polling issues simply cease to be visible for you ... ), with one sort of a formal communication pattern behaviour ( given by a chosen ZMQ-Socket-type archetype ).
ZeroMQ 和类似的 nanomsg 库都是类似LEGO的项目，它们可以使您成为建筑师和工程师.设计师比起初通常意识到的要多.
ZeroMQ and similarly nanomsg libraries are rather LEGO-alike projects, that empower you, as an architect & designer, more, than one typically realises at the very beginning.
因此，一个人可以专注于分布式系统的行为，而不是浪费时间和精力来解决另一个噩梦".
One thus can focus on distributed-system behaviour, as opposed to lose time and energy on solving just-another-socket-messaging-[nightmare].
(绝对是值得一看，它们来自ZeroMQ的联合父亲Pieter Hintjens.在这个很棒的主题上，您会发现很多Aha！时刻.)
( Definitely worth to have a look into both books from Pieter Hintjens, co-father of the ZeroMQ. There you find plenty Aha!-moments on this great subject. )
...以及作为蛋糕上的樱桃-无论是在 inproc:// 上传递消息还是在上传递消息，您都可以在不依赖传输的通用环境中获得所有这些ipc:// ，还可以在 tcp:// 层上并行收听/讲话.
... and as a cherry on a cake -- you get all of this as a Transport-agnostic, universal environment, whether passing some messages on inproc://, other over ipc:// and also in parallel listening / speaking over tcp:// layers.
EDIT#1 2014-08-19 17:00 [UTC+0000]
请仔细检查下面的评论，并进一步审查您的-基本及高级设计选项，以进行< 容易发生故障的>分拆处理，以实现< 负载均衡的>-REP-worker队列，用于可扩展< >的处理和带有-REP-worker二进制开始的阴影处理.
Kindly check comments below and further review your -- both elementary and advanced -- design-options for a <trivial-failure-prone>-spin-off processing, for a <load-balanced>-REP-worker queueing, for a <scale-able>-distributed processing and a <_faul-resilient_mode_>-REP-worker binary-start shaded processing.
这在设计分布式消息传递系统上成倍地有效.
This is exponentially valid in designing distributed messaging systems.
很抱歉这么说.
受伤，但是是真的.
"""REQ/REP modified with QUEUE/ROUTER/DEALER add-on ---------------------------
Multithreaded Hello World server
Author: Guillaume Aubert (gaubert) <guillaume(dot)aubert(at)gmail(dot)com>
"""
import time
import threading
import zmq
print "ZeroMQ version sanity-check: ", zmq.__version__
def aWorker_asRoutine( aWorker_URL, aContext = None ):
"""Worker routine"""
#Context to get inherited or create a new one trick------------------------------
aContext = aContext or zmq.Context.instance()
# Socket to talk to dispatcher --------------------------------------------------
socket = aContext.socket( zmq.REP )
socket.connect( aWorker_URL )
while True:
string = socket.recv()
print( "Received request: [ %s ]" % ( string ) )
# do some 'work' -----------------------------------------------------------
time.sleep(1)
#send reply back to client, who asked --------------------------------------
socket.send( b"World" )
def main():
"""Server routine"""
url_worker = "inproc://workers"
url_client = "tcp://*:5555"
# Prepare our context and sockets ------------------------------------------------
aLocalhostCentralContext = zmq.Context.instance()
# Socket to talk to clients ------------------------------------------------------
clients = aLocalhostCentralContext.socket( zmq.ROUTER )
clients.bind( url_client )
# Socket to talk to workers ------------------------------------------------------
workers = aLocalhostCentralContext.socket( zmq.DEALER )
workers.bind( url_worker )
# --------------------------------------------------------------------||||||||||||--
# Launch pool of worker threads --------------< or spin-off by one in OnDemandMODE >
for i in range(5):
thread = threading.Thread( target = aWorker_asRoutine, args = ( url_worker, ) )
thread.start()
zmq.device( zmq.QUEUE, clients, workers )
# ----------------------|||||||||||||||------------------------< a fair practice >--
# We never get here but clean up anyhow
clients.close()
workers.close()
aLocalhostCentralContext.term()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
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