问题描述
我只需要绘制3D散点图.
I just need to draw scatter plot in 3D.
from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
ax = plt.axes(projection="3d")
ax.scatter(dots_x, dots_y, dots_z, c='red')
plt.show()
dots_x，dots_y，dots_z是坐标(python列表).每次运行程序，我都会得到ValueError: Invalid RGBA argument: (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.300088123161615)
There dots_x, dots_y, dots_z are coordinates (python lists). Every time I running program I get ValueError: Invalid RGBA argument: (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.300088123161615)
我对这个元组一无所知.但是，如果我使用plot3D而不是scatter3D，我将获得完美的曲线.
I don't know anything about this tuple. BUT if i use plot3D instead of scatter3D i get perfect curve.
完整错误消息:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\bozzy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\colors.py", line 166, in to_rgba
rgba = _colors_full_map.cache[c, alpha]
KeyError: ((1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.300088123161615), None)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\bozzy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_qt5.py", line 519, in _draw_idle
self.draw()
File "C:\Users\bozzy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py", line 437, in draw
self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
File "C:\Users\bozzy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 55, in draw_wrapper
return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\bozzy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py", line 1493, in draw
renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
File "C:\Users\bozzy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\image.py", line 141, in _draw_list_compositing_images
a.draw(renderer)
File "C:\Users\bozzy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\mpl_toolkits\mplot3d\axes3d.py", line 281, in draw
reverse=True)):
File "C:\Users\bozzy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\mpl_toolkits\mplot3d\axes3d.py", line 280, in <lambda>
key=lambda col: col.do_3d_projection(renderer),
File "C:\Users\bozzy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\mpl_toolkits\mplot3d\art3d.py", line 459, in do_3d_projection
fcs = mcolors.to_rgba_array(fcs, self._alpha)
File "C:\Users\bozzy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\colors.py", line 267, in to_rgba_array
result[i] = to_rgba(cc, alpha)
File "C:\Users\bozzy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\colors.py", line 168, in to_rgba
rgba = _to_rgba_no_colorcycle(c, alpha)
File "C:\Users\bozzy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\colors.py", line 219, in _to_rgba_no_colorcycle
raise ValueError("Invalid RGBA argument: {!r}".format(orig_c))
ValueError: Invalid RGBA argument: (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.300088123161615)
对不起，我的英语:)
UPD:我的程序有完整的代码
UPD: There is entire code of my program
from sympy import *
from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import pdb
"""
"""
print ("""dx/dt = f(t,x,y,z)
dy/dt = g(t,x,y,z)
dz/dt = r(t,x,y,z)""")
x,y,z,t = symbols('x y z t')
f = eval(input("dx/dt = "))
g = eval(input("dy/dt = "))
k = eval(input("dz/dt = "))
n = int(input("Input number of dots: "))
delta_t = eval(input("Input time 'step': "))
t0, x0,y0,z0 = eval(input("Input initial conditions t0, x0, y0, z0: "))
dots_x = [x0]
dots_y = [y0]
dots_z = [z0]
current_t = t0
k1,k2,k3,k4 = None, None, None, None
m1,m2,m3,m4 = None, None, None, None
j1,j2,j3,j4 = None, None, None, None
for i in range(1,n+1):
k1 = f.evalf(subs={x: dots_x[i-1], y: dots_y[i-1], z: dots_z[i-1], t:current_t})*delta_t
m1 = g.evalf(subs={x: dots_x[i-1], y: dots_y[i-1], z: dots_z[i-1], t:current_t})*delta_t
j1 = k.evalf(subs={x: dots_x[i-1], y: dots_y[i-1], z: dots_z[i-1], t:current_t})*delta_t
k2 = f.evalf(subs={x: dots_x[i-1]+k1/2, y: dots_y[i-1]+m1/2, z: dots_z[i-1]+j1/2, t:current_t+delta_t/2})*delta_t
m2 = g.evalf(subs={x: dots_x[i-1]+k1/2, y: dots_y[i-1]+m1/2, z: dots_z[i-1]+j1/2, t:current_t+delta_t/2})*delta_t
j2 = k.evalf(subs={x: dots_x[i-1]+k1/2, y: dots_y[i-1]+m1/2, z: dots_z[i-1]+j1/2, t:current_t+delta_t/2})*delta_t
k3 = f.evalf(subs={x: dots_x[i-1]+k2/2, y: dots_y[i-1]+m2/2, z: dots_z[i-1]+j1/2, t:current_t+delta_t/2})*delta_t
m3 = g.evalf(subs={x: dots_x[i-1]+k2/2, y: dots_y[i-1]+m2/2, z: dots_z[i-1]+j1/2, t:current_t+delta_t/2})*delta_t
j3 = g.evalf(subs={x: dots_x[i-1]+k2/2, y: dots_y[i-1]+m2/2, z: dots_z[i-1]+j2/2, t:current_t+delta_t/2})*delta_t
k4 = f.evalf(subs={x: dots_x[i-1]+k3/2, y: dots_y[i-1]+m3/2, z: dots_z[i-1]+j1/2, t:current_t+delta_t/2})*delta_t
m4 = g.evalf(subs={x: dots_x[i-1]+k3/2, y: dots_y[i-1]+m3/2, z: dots_z[i-1]+j1/2, t:current_t+delta_t/2})*delta_t
j4 = g.evalf(subs={x: dots_x[i-1]+k3/2, y: dots_y[i-1]+m3/2, z: dots_z[i-1]+j3/2, t:current_t+delta_t/2})*delta_t
dots_x.append(dots_x[i-1]+(1/6)*(k1+2*k2+2*k3+k4))
dots_y.append(dots_y[i-1]+(1/6)*(m1+2*m2+2*m3+m4))
dots_z.append(dots_z[i-1]+(1/6)*(j1+2*j2+2*j3+j4))
current_t += delta_t
print (dots_x)
print (dots_y)
print (dots_z)
plt.switch_backend(u"qt5agg")
ax = plt.axes(projection="3d")
# pdb.set_trace()
ax.scatter(dots_x, dots_y, dots_z, c='red')
plt.show()
样本输入:
dx/dt = y - x
dy/dt = x*(28-z) - y
dz/dt = x*y - z
number of dots: 500
time step: 0.1
initials: 0, 1, 1, 1
推荐答案
问题似乎出在我的matplotlib(Windows 10，Python 3.6.5，matplotlib 2.2.3，sympy 1.1.1，Eclipse/PyDev)和您的环境无法正确处理sympy.core.floats.像x_dots这样的列表不包含常规的Python浮点值，而是sympy数据格式.我不太了解sympy，所以我不确定如何正确处理此问题，但是您可以通过在绘制之前转换值来确认这是问题所在:
The problem seems to be that matplotlib in my (Windows 10, Python 3.6.5, matplotlib 2.2.3, sympy 1.1.1, Eclipse/PyDev) and your environment can't handle properly sympy.core.floats. Your lists like x_dots do not contain normal Python float values, but the sympy data format. I do not know sympy well, so I am not sure, how to handle properly this problem, but you can confirm that this is the problem by converting the values before plotting:
fx = [float(i) for i in dots_x]
fy = [float(i) for i in dots_y]
fz = [float(i) for i in dots_z]
ax.scatter(fx, fy, fz, c='red')
或者，您可以使用numpy进行转换:
Alternatively, you can use numpy for the conversion:
ax.scatter(np.asarray(dots_x, dtype = "float"), np.asarray(dots_y, dtype = "float"), np.asarray(dots_z, dtype = "float"), c='red')
示例输出:
P.S .:刚刚也在Ubuntu 18.04，Python 3.6.5，matplotlib 2.2.3，sympy 1.2，Eclipse/PyDev上进行了测试，并且该错误在此处也可以重现.错误也与后端无关-我的第一个怀疑.使用Qt5和TkAgg进行测试时没有差异.
P.S.: Just tested it also on Ubuntu 18.04, Python 3.6.5, matplotlib 2.2.3, sympy 1.2, Eclipse/PyDev and the error is reproducible there as well. The error is also independent of the backend - my first suspicion. No difference when tested with Qt5 and TkAgg.
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