问题描述
通过pyenv安装的Python版本无法导入tkinter:
Versions of Python installed via pyenv fail to import tkinter:
※ python
Python 3.8.1 (default, Feb 29 2020, 11:45:59)
[Clang 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.17)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Users/factor/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/tkinter/__init__.py", line 36, in <module>
import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_tkinter'
>>>
否则您可能会收到有关标头版本与二进制文件不匹配的消息:
or you might get a message about the header version doesn't match the binary:
DEPRECATION WARNING: The system version of Tk is deprecated and may be removed in a future release. Please don't rely on it. Set TK_SILENCE_DEPRECATION=1 to suppress this warning.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Users/factor/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/tkinter/__init__.py", line 4552, in _test
root = Tk()
File "/Users/factor/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/tkinter/__init__.py", line 2263, in __init__
self._loadtk()
File "/Users/factor/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/tkinter/__init__.py", line 2279, in _loadtk
raise RuntimeError("tk.h version (%s) doesn't match libtk.a version (%s)"
RuntimeError: tk.h version (8.6) doesn't match libtk.a version (8.5)
推荐答案
TL; DR设置环境. vars.在tcl-tk的注意事项和中提到的此GitHub评论通过pyenv安装新的Python以获得tkinter.
TL;DR set the env. vars. mentioned in tcl-tk's caveats and this GitHub comment when installing new Pythons via pyenv to get tkinter.
首先，请确保您通过自制软件获得了最新的tcl-tk，然后注意其注意事项:
First, ensure you have the latest tcl-tk via homebrew and then pay attention to its caveats:
※ brew install tcl-tk
※ brew info tcl-tk
tcl-tk: stable 8.6.10 (bottled) [keg-only]
...
==> Caveats
tcl-tk is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because tk installs some X11 headers and macOS provides an (older) Tcl/Tk.
If you need to have tcl-tk first in your PATH run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/tcl-tk/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
For compilers to find tcl-tk you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/tcl-tk/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/tcl-tk/include"
For pkg-config to find tcl-tk you may need to set:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/tcl-tk/lib/pkgconfig"
...
您还需要了解pyenv的PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS，--with-tcltk-includes和--with-tcltk-libs，例如来自此评论.
You'll also need to know about pyenv's PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS, --with-tcltk-includes, and --with-tcltk-libs, e.g. from this comment.
下一步，在环境变量处于活动状态的情况下重新安装Python:
Next, reinstall Python with the environment variables active:
※ pyenv uninstall 3.8.1
※ env \
PATH="$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/bin:$PATH" \
LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/lib" \
CPPFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/include" \
PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/lib/pkgconfig" \
CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/include" \
PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS="--with-tcltk-includes='-I$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/include' --with-tcltk-libs='-L$(brew --prefix tcl-tk)/lib -ltcl8.6 -ltk8.6'" \
pyenv install 3.8.1
它现在应该可以工作:
※ pyenv global 3.8.1
※ python
Python 3.8.1 (default, Feb 29 2020, 11:56:10)
[Clang 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.17)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter
>>> tkinter.TclVersion, tkinter.TkVersion
(8.6, 8.6)
>>> tkinter._test()
# You should get a GUI
如果出现以下错误，则可能缺少PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS env.变种以上.
If you get the following error, you might be missing the PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS env. var. above.
DEPRECATION WARNING: The system version of Tk is deprecated and may be removed in a future release. Please don't rely on it. Set TK_SILENCE_DEPRECATION=1 to suppress this warning.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Users/factor/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/tkinter/__init__.py", line 4552, in _test
root = Tk()
File "/Users/factor/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/tkinter/__init__.py", line 2263, in __init__
self._loadtk()
File "/Users/factor/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/tkinter/__init__.py", line 2279, in _loadtk
raise RuntimeError("tk.h version (%s) doesn't match libtk.a version (%s)"
RuntimeError: tk.h version (8.6) doesn't match libtk.a version (8.5)
这篇关于无法在MacOS上使用pyenv Python安装tkinter的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持！