Android:如何分析本机堆转储?

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问题描述

我使用命令 dumpheap -n <PID> 创建了一个本地堆转储文件..该文件采用人类可读格式，但包含难以理解的信息.如何分析此文件并从中获取有用信息?

I have created a native heap dump file by using the command dumpheap -n <PID> <file>. The file is in human readable format but contains information that is too hard to understand. How can I analyze this file and get useful information out of it?

在函数名称的位置提供函数地址.映射在文件底部提供.是否有任何工具可以映射这些并使用函数/库名称而不是地址提供有意义的输出(加载库/函数的符号).如果没有，那么 ddms 如何做到这一点?另外如何加载符号以显示函数名称?

The function address are provided in the place of function names. The mapping is provided at the bottom of the file. Is there any tool to map these and provide meaningful output with function/lib names instead of addresses (load the symbols for libraries/functions). If there isn't one then how does ddms do this? Also how to load the symbols to display the function names?

有什么方法可以比较两个或多个本机堆转储?

Is there any way that I can compare two or more native heap dumps?

我得到的转储堆文件是这样的

The dump heap file that I got looks like this

Android Native Heap Dump v1.0

总内存:13863984分配记录:3108

Total memory: 13863984Allocation records: 3108

Z 1 SZ 8388608 NUM 1 BT 40afcd1a 40afbc0e 40119d30 40795210 407a9bae 407941a0 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 407a481e 40786d44 407a6da6 407a800e 407a58c4 407a820a 40798ac8 40115bb4 4011530c

z 1 sz 8388608 num 1 bt 40afcd1a 40afbc0e 40119d30 40795210 407a9bae 407941a0 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 407a481e 40786d44 407a6da6 407a800e 407a58c4 407a820a 40798ac8 40115bb4 4011530c

Z 1 SZ 1516906 NUM 1 BT 40afcd1a 40afbc0e 40119d30 400658fe 402563d8 5a400b10 5d6c3ed2 5d6c3efc 5d6c3f34 5d69d556 5d6a9de0 40794664 407aafa0 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 407a481e 407af4a8 407aff8c 407678b0 40770b6c 407a4aba 407ac010 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 4078e676 401dd98e 401de472 4005ddd2 40119ed4

z 1 sz 1516906 num 1 bt 40afcd1a 40afbc0e 40119d30 400658fe 402563d8 5a400b10 5d6c3ed2 5d6c3efc 5d6c3f34 5d69d556 5d6a9de0 40794664 407aafa0 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 407a481e 407af4a8 407aff8c 407678b0 40770b6c 407a4aba 407ac010 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 4078e676 401dd98e 401de472 4005ddd2 40119ed4

Z 1 SZ 262144 NUM 1 BT 40afcd1a 40afbc0e 40119d30 400658fe 40a14416 40a144e0 40a154a4 40a1570e 40a1d8cc 40a20d42 40a1a9e4 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 401f0c90 40762e34 40792086 4076c264 40770b6c 407a4aba 407ac010 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 4078e676 401dd98e 401de472 4005ddd2

z 1 sz 262144 num 1 bt 40afcd1a 40afbc0e 40119d30 400658fe 40a14416 40a144e0 40a154a4 40a1570e 40a1d8cc 40a20d42 40a1a9e4 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 401f0c90 40762e34 40792086 4076c264 40770b6c 407a4aba 407ac010 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 4078e676 401dd98e 401de472 4005ddd2

Z 1 SZ 262144 NUM 1 BT 40afcd1a 40afbc0e 40119d30 400658fe 40a14416 40a144e0 40a154a4 40a1570e 40a1d8cc 40a20d42 40a1a9e4 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 401f0c90 40762e34 40792086 4076c264 40770b6c 407a4aba 407ac010 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 4078e676 401dd98e

z 1 sz 262144 num 1 bt 40afcd1a 40afbc0e 40119d30 400658fe 40a14416 40a144e0 40a154a4 40a1570e 40a1d8cc 40a20d42 40a1a9e4 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 401f0c90 40762e34 40792086 4076c264 40770b6c 407a4aba 407ac010 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 4078e676 401dd98e

Z 1 SZ 65536 NUM 1 BT 40afcd1a 40afbc0e 40119d30 400658fe 40a14400 40a15714 40a1d8cc 40a20d42 40a1a9e4 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 401f0c90 40762e34 40792086 4076c264 40770b6c 407a4aba 407ac010 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 4078e676 401dd98e 401de472 4005ddd2 40119ed4

z 1 sz 65536 num 1 bt 40afcd1a 40afbc0e 40119d30 400658fe 40a14400 40a15714 40a1d8cc 40a20d42 40a1a9e4 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 401f0c90 40762e34 40792086 4076c264 40770b6c 407a4aba 407ac010 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 4078e676 401dd98e 401de472 4005ddd2 40119ed4

Z 1 SZ 65536 NUM 1 BT 40afcd1a 40afbc0e 40119d30 400658fe 40a14400 40a15714 40a1d8cc 40a20d42 40a1a9e4 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 401f0c90 40762e34 40792086 4076c264 40770b6c 407a4aba 407ac010 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 4078e676 401dd98e 401de472 4005ddd2

z 1 sz 65536 num 1 bt 40afcd1a 40afbc0e 40119d30 400658fe 40a14400 40a15714 40a1d8cc 40a20d42 40a1a9e4 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 40a1aa26 401f0c90 40762e34 40792086 4076c264 40770b6c 407a4aba 407ac010 4076c264 40770b6c 407a47f4 4078e676 401dd98e 401de472 4005ddd2

这些数字表示什么?

`推荐答案`

数据由 .每个条目是一个分配记录，其中包含:

The data is being generated by the dumpNativeHeap() function in android_os_Debug.cpp. Each entry is one allocation record, which contains:

zygote child"标志:z 0 表示分配是在 zygote 进程中执行的，z 1 表示它发生在 zygote 的子进程中(即应用程序fork() 之后的过程).这对于确定特定分配是否可以通过写时复制在多个进程之间共享非常有用.
分配的大小，以字节为单位.
大小和回溯完全相同的分配数量.
回溯地址(最多 32 个).

The "zygote child" flag: z 0 means the allocation was performed in the zygote process, z 1 means it happened in a child of zygote (i.e. an app process after the fork()). This is useful for determining whether a particular allocation might be shared between multiple processes by virtue of copy-on-write.
The size of the allocation, in bytes.
The number of allocations with the exact same size and backtrace.
The backtrace addresses (up to 32).

如果没有 /proc/<pid>/maps 的副本，地址就没有意义，以查看哪些二进制文件被映射到了何处，因此在末尾包含一个副本.

The addresses aren't meaningful without a copy of /proc/<pid>/maps to see what binaries were mapped where, so a copy is included at the end.

二进制+地址转符号的基本工具是addr2line.您需要从堆栈跟踪中的地址中减去库的基地址以获取库偏移量.

The basic tool for converting binary + address to symbol is addr2line. You need to subtract the base address of the library from the address in the stack trace to get the library offset.

有一个更简单的方法.用于生成这些堆转储的相同机制也可用于提供给 DDMS Native Heap Tracker.这提供了一个完整的 UI 来浏览你的原生堆的内容.您可以在此处找到有关它的更多信息和此处.

There's an easier way. The same mechanism that is used to generate these heap dumps can also be used to feed the DDMS Native Heap Tracker. This provides a full UI for browsing the contents of your native heap. You can find more information about it here and here.

FWIW，这是一个艰难的方式"的例子.我倾倒了日历应用程序的堆，看到了这一行:

FWIW, here's an example of doing it the "hard way". I dumped the heap of the Calendar app and saw this line:

z 1  sz    49152  num    1  bt b5aac102 b5aac2f6 b6f8599a b5a5e946 b5a3f268 b6f8d6a0 b6f8b83e

地图条目中的相关行是:

The relevant lines from the maps entry are:

b59ea000-b5a92000 r-xp 00000000 b3:19 817        /system/lib/libdvm.so
b5a9f000-b5ae0000 r-xp 00000000 b3:19 782        /system/lib/libc_malloc_debug_leak.so
b6f78000-b6fbf000 r-xp 00000000 b3:19 780        /system/lib/libc.so

库的基地址必须从回溯中的地址中减去.您可以通过查找地址范围包含回溯地址的映射条目来确定它所在的库.从左到右工作(调用堆栈的顶部到底部):

The base address of the library must be subtracted from the address in the backtrace. You figure out what library it's in by finding the maps entry with an address range that contains the backtrace address. Working from left to right (top of the call stack to the bottom):

b5aac102 - b5a9f000 = d102
addr2line -C -f -e [...]/symbols/system/lib/libc_malloc_debug_leak.so d102
--> leak_malloc (malloc_debug_leak.cpp:283)

b5aac2f6...
--> leak_calloc (malloc_debug_leak.cpp:338)

b6f8599a - b6f78000 = d99a
addr2line -C -f -e [...]/symbols/system/lib/libc.so d99a
--> calloc (malloc_debug_common.cpp:231)

b5a5e946 - b59ea000 = 74946
addr2line -C -f -e [...]/symbols/system/lib/libdvm.so 74946
--> compilerThreadStartup (Compiler.cpp:434)

b5a3f268...
--> internalThreadStart(void*) (Thread.cpp:1752)

...等等.此跟踪对应于 dalvik/vm/compiler/Compiler.cpp 中的一行:

...and so on. This trace corresponds to a line in dalvik/vm/compiler/Compiler.cpp:

pJitTable = (JitEntry*)
            calloc(gDvmJit.jitTableSize, sizeof(*pJitTable));

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