问题描述
我正在使用 tkinter 创建一个 dodger 的副本.我正面临计时对象移动的问题.有人告诉我时间模块不能很好地与 tkinter 一起使用，因此我应该使用 after() 代替.但是，我在使用 after() 函数时遇到了与 time 模块相同的问题.这是我的代码:
I am creating a replica of dodger using tkinter. I am facing a problem with timing object movement. I was told the time module does not work well with tkinter, therefore I should use after() instead. However, I face the same problem with the after() function as I did with the time module. Here is my code:
from tkinter import *
from random import randint
class Window(Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None):
Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.master = master
self.initWindow()
def initWindow(self):
self.master.title('Dodger')
self.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)
self.master.geometry('600x800')
self.master.config(bg='black')
menu = Menu(self.master)
self.master.config(menu=menu)
def clientExit():
exit()
file = Menu(menu)
file.add_command(label='Exit', command=clientExit)
file.add_command(label='Start', command=self.game)
menu.add_cascade(label='File', menu=file)
def game(self):
canvas = Canvas(self.master, width='600', height='800', borderwidth='0', highlightthickness='0')
canvas.pack()
canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 600, 800, fill='black', outline='black')
character = canvas.create_rectangle(270, 730, 330, 760, fill='magenta', outline='cyan', width='2')
def left(event):
cord = canvas.coords(character)
if cord[0] <= 5:
pass
else:
canvas.move(character, -10, 0)
def right(event):
cord = canvas.coords(character)
if cord[2] >= 595:
pass
else:
canvas.move(character, 10, 0)
self.master.bind('<Left>', left)
self.master.bind('<Right>', right)
class variables:
sizeMin = 10
sizeMax = 80
y = 10
minX = 5
maxX = 545
def createShape():
size = randint(variables.sizeMin, variables.sizeMax)
x = randint(variables.minX, variables.maxX)
topLeft = [x, variables.y]
bottomRight = [x + size, variables.y + size]
shape = canvas.create_rectangle(topLeft[0], topLeft[1], bottomRight[0], bottomRight[1],
fill='red', outline='red')
return shape
def moveShape(shape):
canvas.move(shape, 0, 800)
for x in range(5):
x = createShape()
self.master.after(1000, moveShape(x))
root = Tk()
app = Window(root)
app.mainloop()
如您所见，在游戏实例的底部，我创建了一个正方形并以 1 秒的间隔将其向下移动五次.然而，这不起作用；我的窗户在规定的时间内冻结了，然后又恢复了.我不确定这是因为我的电脑很烂还是我做错了什么.请在你的编辑器中运行我的代码，如果我做错了什么，请向我解释.
As you can see, at the bottom of the game instance, I created a square and moved it down five times at 1 second intervals. However, this did not work; my window just froze for the allotted time, then resumed afterwards. I am not sure if this is because my computer sucks or if I did something wrong. Please run my code in you editor and explain to me if I did something wrong.
推荐答案
它冻结的原因是因为你调用了 after 错误.
The reason it freezes is because you're calling after wrong.
考虑这个代码:
self.master.after(1000, moveShape(x))
...和这段代码完全一样:
... it is exactly the same as this code:
result = moveShape(x)
self.master.after(1000, result)
... 与此相同，因为 moveShape 返回 None:
... which is the same as this, since moveShape returns None:
result = moveShape(x)
self.master.after(1000, None)
... 与此相同:
result = moveShape(x)
self.master.after(1000)
...与
result = moveShape(x)
time.sleep(1)
换句话说，你告诉它睡觉，所以它睡觉.
In other words, you're telling it to sleep, so it sleeps.
after 需要一个可调用，或者一个函数的引用.您可以将额外的 args 作为参数传递给 after.所以正确的调用方式是这样的:
after requires a callable, or a reference to a function. You can pass additional args as arguments to after. So the proper way to call it is this:
self.master.after(1000, moveShape, x)
不过，我怀疑这正是您想要的，因为所有五次迭代都将尝试在循环开始后 1000 毫秒运行代码，而不是相隔 1000 毫秒.这只是应用一点数学的简单问题.
Though, I doubt that is exactly what you want, since all five iterations will try to run the code 1000ms after the loop starts, rather than 1000ms apart. That's just a simple matter of applying a little math.
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