问题描述
首先，我希望我在正确的环境中提出这个问题...
first of all, I hope that I ask the question in the right context here...
我用C ++用Code :: Blocks构建了一个应用程序。该应用程序使用第三方提供的静态库，无法通过程序包管理将其安装在系统上。因此，在分发应用程序时，我会运送这些库。
I build an application in C++ with Code::Blocks. The application uses static libraries that are provided by a third party and cannot be installed on a system via the package management. Therefore I ship these libraries when I distribute my application.
这是我的目标配置：
<Target title="Unix_162">
<Option output="bin/my_app" prefix_auto="1" extension_auto="1" />
<Option working_dir="/home/marco/third_party_dist/lib" />
<Option object_output="obj/Unix_162" />
<Option type="1" />
<Option compiler="gcc" />
<Option use_console_runner="0" />
<Option parameters="-c" />
<Compiler>
<Add directory="/home/marco/third_party_dist/include" />
</Compiler>
<Linker>
<Add library="/home/marco/third_party_dist/lib/lib1.so" />
<Add library="/home/marco/third_party_dist/lib/lib2.so" />
<!-- some more included the same way -->
<Add directory="/home/marco/third_party_dist/lib" />
</Linker>
</Target>
我可以建立目标并运行它。一切正常。
I can build this target fine and run it. Everything works.
今天，我尝试在Debian Squeeze上运行，只是复制了一个包含可执行文件和第三方库的文件夹。我认为，只要所有内容都在一个文件夹中，可执行文件都将找到.so文件。我错了。我收到消息：
Today, I tried to run in on Debian Squeeze and just copied a folder which contained both the executable and the libraries from the third party. I thought that as long as everything is in one folder the executable will find the .so files. I was wrong. I get the message:
/home/my_app/my_app: error while loading shared libraries: lib1.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
我在开发机器上未收到此消息，因为代码： ：Blocks能够为可执行文件设置工作目录。我可以通过将.so文件的位置放在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/my_app.conf中来删除错误消息...
I don't get this message on my developement machine because Code::Blocks is able to set a working directory for the executable. I could remove the error message by putting the location of the .so files inside /etc/ld.so.conf.d/my_app.conf...
无论如何，我可以构建可执行文件，以便它在执行目录中搜索库？还是这是Debian特有的问题？还是我可以在执行可执行文件之前为进程指定工作目录？
Is there anyway I can build the executable so it searches the libs in the execution directory? Or this is a problem specific for Debian? Or can I specify the working directory for the process before I execute the executable?
我想避免在启动应用程序之前更改系统配置/环境...
I want to avoid changing the systems configuration / environment before you can start the application...
推荐答案
首先，这些不是静态库（它们是共享的）。
First point these are not static libraries (they are shared).
所以问题是在运行时定位库。
有两种方法可以做到这一点：
So the problem is locating the libraries at runtime.
There are a couple of ways of doing this:
1）设置 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 环境变量。
这类似于PATH，但对于共享库。
1) set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable.
This is like PATH but for shared libraries.
2）设置
这是备份到可执行文件中的路径，在其中搜索共享库
2) set the rpath in the executable.
This is a path backed into the executable where is searches for shared libs
-Wl,-rpath,<LIB_INSTALL_PATH>
可以将其设置为。使其显示在当前目录中。
或设置为'$ ORIGIN'可使它显示在应用程序安装目录中。
This can be set to . which will make it look in the current directory.
or you can set to '$ORIGIN' which will make it look in the directory the application is installed in.
3）您可以将它们安装到共享库的默认位置之一。
在 / etc /中查看ld.so.conf ，但通常为 / usr / lib 和 / usr / local / lib
3) You can install them into one of the default locations for shared libraries.
Look inside /etc/ld.so.conf but usually /usr/lib and /usr/local/lib
4）您可以添加更多默认位置
修改 /etc/ld.so.conf
4) You can add more default locations
Modify /etc/ld.so.conf
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