iptables转发和输入

本文介绍了iptables转发和输入的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

我有一个装有Linux PC的家庭网络，它们都运行了iptables.我认为将LAN放在Linux网关/防火墙后面比较容易，因此我在路由器和LAN和配置的iptables之间放置了一台PC(带有fedora，没有gui).没问题，INPUT只允许dns一个http(和一些本地文件)，转发工作正常:LAN连接到Internet.

I have a home network with Linux pc's, which all had iptables running. I think it is easier to put my LAN behind a Linux gateway/firewall, so I've put a pc (with fedora,no gui) between my router and LAN and configured iptables. No problem here, INPUT only allows dns an http (and some local stuff), forwarding works fine: LAN connects to internet.

但是我的问题是:FORWARD是允许全部来自外部，还是仅允许使用INPUT配置的端口? FORWARD和INPUT是一起工作还是分开工作?

But my question is: does FORWARD allows all from the outside, or only the ports I configured with INPUT? Do FORWARD and INPUT work together or are they separate?

这是我的iptables:

This is my iptables:

*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [16:1336]
:INPUT ACCEPT [14:840]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [30:2116]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
-A POSTROUTING -o p1p1 -j MASQUERADE
COMMIT
# Completed on Tue Oct 16 09:55:31 2012
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.14 on Tue Oct 16 09:55:31 2012
*filter
:INPUT DROP [0:0]
:FORWARD DROP [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [91:9888]
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p UDP --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p TCP --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/24 -i p1p1 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 20,21 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -s 192.168.2.0/24 -i p3p1 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 20,21 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/24 -i p1p1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 5000:5100 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -s 192.168.2.0/24 -i p3p1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 5000:5100 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i p1p1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -s 192.168.2.0/24 -i p3p1 -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/24 -i p1p1 -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i p1p1 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 20,21,443 -j DROP
-A INPUT -i p1p1 -p tcp --dport 5000:5100 -j DROP
-A INPUT -i p1p1 -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j DROP
-A FORWARD -s 192.168.2.0/24 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -d 192.168.2.0/24 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7
-A OUTPUT -j LOG --log-prefix "denied out: "

COMMIT

p1p1(.1.x)是我的外部网卡，p3p1(.2.x)是我的内部网卡.

p1p1 (.1.x) is my external nic, p3p1 (.2.x) is internal.

推荐答案

RedHat具有 (有点长)，但是涉及的主题很复杂，而且涉及的内容很多我看不出如何避免的不同用例.

RedHat has a great doc about iptables (a little bit long), but the subject to cover is complex and there are so many different use cases that I don't see how to avoid it.

这是关于 .声明如下:

Here is the chapter about FORWARD and NAT Rules. As it states:

~]# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 172.31.0.23:80

这是会发生什么:

您的linux网关收到来自路由器的数据包.数据包头具有:
- 源:x.x.x.x:y(来自互联网的发送方IP和用于数据包传输的源端口)
- 目的地:192.168.1.1:80(假设您的Linux网关IP在外部NIC上，即p1p1)
- your linux gateway receives a packet from your router. The packet header has:
  - source: x.x.x.x:y (sender IP from the internet & source port used for packet transmission)
  - destination: 192.168.1.1:80 (assuming your linux gateway IP on external NIC, ie p1p1)
  - 您的linux网关问自己:是对我(192.168.1.1:80)吗?不，所以我不会发送它到 INPUT 链.
  - =>我将其发送到 FORWARD 链.
  - Your linux gateway asks itself: Is it for me (192.168.1.1:80) ? No, so I won't send it to the INPUT chain.
  - => I'll send it to the FORWARD chain.
  希望这有助于进一步了解iptables内部路由的工作原理.
  Hope it'll help to understand a little bit more how internal routing works with iptables.
  
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