问题描述
对于C ++ 14中的成员检测,我使用了基于示例的代码,但是似乎没有用。
For member detection in C++14 I used code based on the example here, but it does no seem to work.
一个完整的示例:
#include <string>
template <typename...>
using void_t = void;
template <typename, typename = void> class HasMember_substr : public std::false_type {};
template <typename T> class HasMember_substr<T, void_t<typename T::substr>> : public std::true_type {};
template <typename, typename = void> class HasMember_fff : public std::false_type {};
template <typename T> class HasMember_fff<T, void_t<typename T::fff>> : public std::true_type {};
static_assert(HasMember_substr<std::string>::value, "");
static_assert(!HasMember_fff<std::string>::value, "");
int main() { return 0; }
使用 clang ++ --std = c ++ 14 test.cpp进行编译
在OS X上,编译器版本( clang ++ --version
): Apple LLVM版本7.0.2(clang-700.1)。 81)
Compiled using clang++ --std=c++14 test.cpp
on OS X, compiler version (clang++ --version
): Apple LLVM version 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81)
第二个断言成功,但第一个断言成功。为什么?我也尝试使用 decltype(T :: substr)
代替 typename T :: subset
,结果相同。
The second assert succeeds, but the first fails. Why? I have also tried using decltype(T::substr)
instead of typename T::subset
, with the same result.
推荐答案
寻找 T :: substr
并不相同寻找一个名为 substr
的成员函数。
Looking for T::substr
is not the same as looking for a member function called substr
. gcc.godbolt.org example
您可以检查是否通过使用并使用来获得
You can check if a member function exists by using std::declval<T>()
and using decltype to get the return type of the member function.
如果成员函数存在,则 decltype(...)
将是一个格式正确的表达式,不会触发SFINAE-因此 static_assert
将正确运行。
If the member function exists, decltype(...)
will be a well-formed expression and will not trigger SFINAE - therefore the the static_assert
will work correctly.
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
template <typename...>
using void_t = void;
template <typename, typename = void>
class HasMember_substr : public std::false_type {};
template <typename T>
class HasMember_substr<T, void_t<
decltype(std::declval<T>().substr(1, 1))>
> : public std::true_type {};
static_assert(HasMember_substr<std::string>::value, "");
int main() { return 0; }
请注意, decltype(std :: declval< T>()。 substr(1,1))
检查 T
是否具有 substr
成员,该成员可以是用参数 1、1
调用。 (例如,不能保证此 是成员函数,也可以是functor数据成员。)
Note that decltype(std::declval<T>().substr(1, 1))
checks whether T
has a substr
member that can be called with arguments 1, 1
. (This is not guaranteed to be a member function, it could also be a functor data member, for example.)
正如AndyG在评论中所说,另一种可能的方法是使用 decltype
来验证成员的类型函数指针。
As said by AndyG in the comments, another possible approach is using decltype
to "validate" the type of a member function pointer.
示例:
HasMember_substr<T, void_t< decltype(&T::substr)>
请注意,如果名称 substr
已重载,并且。
Note that this will not work if the name substr
is overloaded, and it is not guaranteed to work with any type in the standard library.
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