问题描述
我想在Python中做的是接受以下格式的参数:
what I'd like to do in Python is accept arguments of the following format:
script.py START | STOP | STATUS | MOVEABS <x> <y> | MOVEREL <x> <y>
换句话说
- 我不想处理连字符;
- 我有多种可能性,其中之一是必需的;
- 每个都是互斥的;
- 某些命令(例如moveabs和moverel)具有其他必需的参数,但是这些args不应与其他任何参数一起出现.
这可以在python中完成吗,我会使用argparse或其他方法吗?谢谢.
Can this be done in python and would I use argparse or something else? Thanks.
推荐答案
add_parser
可以解决问题
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='script.py')
sp = parser.add_subparsers(dest='cmd')
for cmd in ['START', 'STOP', 'STATUS']:
sp.add_parser(cmd)
for cmd in ['MOVEABS', 'MOVEREL']:
spp = sp.add_parser(cmd)
spp.add_argument('x', type=float)
spp.add_argument('y', type=float)
parser.print_help()
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args)
产生类似的内容:
2137:~/mypy$ python2.7 stack23304740.py MOVEREL -h
usage: script.py [-h] {START,STOP,STATUS,MOVEABS,MOVEREL} ...
positional arguments:
{START,STOP,STATUS,MOVEABS,MOVEREL}
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
usage: script.py MOVEREL [-h] x y
positional arguments:
x
y
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
和
2146:~/mypy$ python2.7 stack23304740.py MOVEREL 1.0 2.0
...
Namespace(cmd='MOVEREL', x=1.0, y=2.0)
和
2147:~/mypy$ python2.7 stack23304740.py START
...
Namespace(cmd='START')
MOVEREL参数可以命名为<x>
和<y>
,但是随后您必须通过args['<y>']
而不是args.y
访问它们. metavar='<x>'
可以用于更改显示,但不能用于命名空间名称.
The MOVEREL arguments could be named <x>
and <y>
, but then you'd have to access them via args['<y>']
instead of args.y
. metavar='<x>'
could be used to change the display but not the Namespace name.
您也可以使用spp.add_argument('point', nargs=2, type=float)
.不幸的是,有一个错误使我们无法在这种nargs=2
情况下使用metavar,即 http://bugs.python. org/issue14074 .
You could also use spp.add_argument('point', nargs=2, type=float)
. Unfortunately there's a bug that keeps us from using a metavar in this nargs=2
case, http://bugs.python.org/issue14074.
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