scala.Equals特性中的canEqual()

问题描述

来自源代码scala/Equals.scala(此处 ):

package scala
trait Equals extends scala.Any {
  def canEqual(that: scala.Any): scala.Boolean
  def equals(that: scala.Any): scala.Boolean
}

在文档中说:

我随机选择了一个扩展scala.Equals的类，它很容易理解.我选择了scala.Tuple2[+T1, +T2]，它扩展了特征scala.Product[T1, T2]，又扩展了特征scala.Product，又扩展了特征scala.Equals.

I randomly picked a class which extends scala.Equals and which is simple enough to understand. I picked scala.Tuple2[+T1, +T2], which extends the trait scala.Product[T1, T2], which in turn extends the trait scala.Product, which in turn extends the trait scala.Equals.

不幸的是，似乎因为scala.Tuple2是 case类，所以canEqual()和equals()方法是自动生成的，因此无法在源代码scala/Tuple2.scala中找到( 此处).

Unfortunately, it seems that because scala.Tuple2 is a case class, the canEqual() and equals() methods are automatically generated and therefore could not be found in the source code scala/Tuple2.scala (here).

我的问题是:

• 何时扩展性状scala.Equals的好时机?
• canEqual()应该如何实施?
• 在equals()中使用canEqual()的最佳实践(或样板)是什么?

• When is it a good time to extend the trait scala.Equals?
• How should canEqual() be implemented?
• What are the best practices (or boilerplate) to use canEqual() in equals()?

提前谢谢！

PS:如果有关系的话，我正在使用Scala 2.11.7.

PS: In case if it matters, I'm using Scala 2.11.7.

推荐答案

canEquals方法用于满足以下要求:equals应该是对称的-即，(且仅)当a.equals(b)为true时，则b.equals(a)也应为true.将类的实例与子类的实例进行比较时，可能会出现问题.例如

The canEquals method is used to cover the expectation that equals should be symmetric - that is, if (and only if) a.equals(b) is true, then b.equals(a) should also be true. Problems with this can arise when comparing an instance of a class with an instance of a sub-class. Eg.

class Animal(numLegs: Int, isCarnivore: Boolean) {
  def equals(other: Any) = other match {
    case that: Animal =>
      this.numLegs == that.numLegs &&
      this.isCarnivore == that.isCarnivore
    case _ => false
  }
}

class Dog(numLegs: Int, isCarnivore: Boolean, breed: String) extends Animal(numLegs, isCarnivore) {
  def equals(other: Any) = other match {
    case that: Dog =>
      this.numLegs == that.numLegs &&
      this.isCarnivore == that.isCarnivore &&
      this.breed == that.breed
    case _ => false
  }
}

val cecil = new Animal(4, true)
val bruce = new Dog(4, true, "Boxer")
cecil.equals(bruce) // true
bruce.equals(cecil) // false - cecil isn't a Dog!

要解决此问题，请在equals的定义中使用canEqual确保两个实体具有相同(子)类型:

To fix this, ensure the two entities are of the same (sub-)type using canEqual in the definition of equals:

class Animal(numLegs: Int, isCarnivore: Boolean) {
  def canEqual(other: Any) = other.isInstanceOf[Animal]
  def equals(other: Any) = other match {
    case that: Animal =>
      that.canEqual(this) &&
      this.numLegs == that.numLegs &&
      this.isCarnivore == that.isCarnivore
    case _ => false
  }
}

class Dog(numLegs: Int, isCarnivore: Boolean, breed: String) extends Animal(numLegs, isCarnivore) {
  def canEqual(other: Any) = other.isInstanceOf[Dog]
  def equals(other: Any) = other match {
    case that: Dog =>
      that.canEqual(this) &&
      this.numLegs == that.numLegs &&
      this.isCarnivore == that.isCarnivore &&
      this.breed == that.breed
    case _ => false
  }
}

val cecil = new Animal(4, true)
val bruce = new Dog(4, true, "Boxer")
cecil.equals(bruce) // false - call to bruce.canEqual(cecil) returns false
bruce.equals(cecil) // false

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