使用autowire的Spring Boot字段注入在JUnit测试中不起作用

问题描述

我想在测试中注入DeMorgenArticleScraper.

I want to inject DeMorgenArticleScraper in a test.

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class DeMorgenArticleScraperTest {

    @Autowired
    private DeMorgenArticleScraper deMorgenArticleScraper;

    ...
}

DeMorgenArticleScraper组件本身具有一些配置，但是IDE/编译器没有抱怨它们.

The DeMorgenArticleScraper component has some configuration going on for itself, but the IDE/compiler is not complaining about them.

@Component
public class DeMorgenArticleScraper extends NewsPaperArticleScraper {

    @Autowired
    public DeMorgenArticleScraper(
            @Qualifier("deMorgenSelectorContainer") SelectorContainer selector,
            GenericArticleScraper genericArticleScraper,
            @Qualifier("deMorgenCompany") Company company) {
        super(selector, genericArticleScraper, company);
    }

    ...
}

用@Qualifier注释的构造函数参数在具有@Bean的Config.class中定义.该类本身具有@Configuration.我认为问题不在这里.

The constructor parameters that are annotated with @Qualifier, are defined in a Config.class With @Bean. The class itself has @Configuration. I figure the problem is not situated here.

IDE已经警告我，没有找到bean ...必须在bean中定义自动装配的成员.但据我所知，它是在具有@Component批注的bean中定义的.当Spring Boot应用程序可以启动时(当我注释掉测试类时)，所有其他bean连接似乎都没问题.

The IDE warns me already, no bean found...autowired members must be defined in a bean. But as far as I know, it is defined in a bean with the @Component annotation. All other bean wiring seems ok as the Spring boot application can start (when I comment out the test class).

推荐答案

@SpringBootTest相当重量级，出于所有意图和目的，将加载整个应用程序， https://docs.spring.io/spring -boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications ，它的重量很大，并且会极大地影响测试时间.根据您要测试的内容，您可能需要研究

@SpringBootTest is fairly heavyweight, and for all intents and purpose will load your entire application, https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications, it's fairly heavyweight and dramatically affects test time. Depending on what you are trying to test you may want to look into

• 切片测试，例如@JsonTest，@DataJpaTest，@WebMvcTest等， https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing .html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications-testing-autoconfigured-tests .这些测试的好处不仅在于它们不会加载所有内容，从而更快地加载所有内容，而且还会尝试找出相关的配置.
• 使用旧的@ContextConfiguration并指向相关的@Configuration，以加载测试 https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/testing.html#contextconfiguration

• Slice tests e.g. @JsonTest, @DataJpaTest, @WebMvcTest etc. , https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications-testing-autoconfigured-tests. Benefit of these tests are not only will they not load everything, thus faster, but will try to hunt out the relevant configurations.
• Plain old @ContextConfigurationand point to the relevant @Configuration's required to load beans needed for the test https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/testing.html#contextconfiguration

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