问题描述
我正在尝试组织一些供我自己使用的模块.我有这样的东西:
I am trying to organize some modules for my own use. I have something like this:
lib/
__init__.py
settings.py
foo/
__init__.py
someobject.py
bar/
__init__.py
somethingelse.py
在lib/__init__.py
中,我想定义一些在导入lib时要使用的类.但是,如果不将这些类分离到文件中并将其导入到__init__.py
中,我似乎无法弄清楚.
In lib/__init__.py
, I want to define some classes to be used if I import lib. However, I can't seem to figure it out without separating the classes into files, and import them in__init__.py
.
而不是说:
lib/
__init__.py
settings.py
helperclass.py
foo/
__init__.py
someobject.py
bar/
__init__.py
somethingelse.py
from lib.settings import Values
from lib.helperclass import Helper
我想要这样的东西:
lib/
__init__.py #Helper defined in this file
settings.py
foo/
__init__.py
someobject.py
bar/
__init__.py
somethingelse.py
from lib.settings import Values
from lib import Helper
是否可以,或者我必须将类分为另一个文件?
Is it possible, or do I have to separate the class into another file?
好的,如果我从另一个脚本导入lib,则可以访问Helper类.如何从settings.py访问Helper类?
OK, if I import lib from another script, I can access the Helper class. How can I access the Helper class from settings.py?
此处的示例描述了包装内引用.我引用子模块经常需要互相引用".就我而言,lib.settings.py需要Helper,而lib.foo.someobject需要访问Helper,那么我应该在哪里定义Helper类?
The example here describes Intra-Package References. I quote "submodules often need to refer to each other". In my case, the lib.settings.py needs the Helper and lib.foo.someobject need access to Helper, so where should I define the Helper class?
推荐答案
-
'
lib/
的父目录必须位于sys.path
中.
'
lib/
's parent directory must be insys.path
.
您的"lib/__init__.py
"可能看起来像这样:
Your 'lib/__init__.py
' might look like this:
from . import settings # or just 'import settings' on old Python versions
class Helper(object):
pass
然后下面的示例应该起作用:
Then the following example should work:
from lib.settings import Values
from lib import Helper
回答问题的编辑版本:
__init__.py
定义软件包从外部的外观.如果需要在settings.py
中使用Helper
,请在其他文件中定义Helper
,例如'lib/helper.py
'.
Answer to the edited version of the question:
__init__.py
defines how your package looks from outside. If you need to use Helper
in settings.py
then define Helper
in a different file e.g., 'lib/helper.py
'.
.
| `-- import_submodule.py
`-- lib
|-- __init__.py
|-- foo
| |-- __init__.py
| `-- someobject.py
|-- helper.py
`-- settings.py
2 directories, 6 files
命令:
$ python import_submodule.py
输出:
settings
helper
Helper in lib.settings
someobject
Helper in lib.foo.someobject
# ./import_submodule.py
import fnmatch, os
from lib.settings import Values
from lib import Helper
print
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('.'):
for f in fnmatch.filter(files, '*.py'):
print "# %s/%s" % (os.path.basename(root), f)
print open(os.path.join(root, f)).read()
print
# lib/helper.py
print 'helper'
class Helper(object):
def __init__(self, module_name):
print "Helper in", module_name
# lib/settings.py
print "settings"
import helper
class Values(object):
pass
helper.Helper(__name__)
# lib/__init__.py
#from __future__ import absolute_import
import settings, foo.someobject, helper
Helper = helper.Helper
# foo/someobject.py
print "someobject"
from .. import helper
helper.Helper(__name__)
# foo/__init__.py
import someobject
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