使用git bundle进行增量备份，适用于所有分支机构

问题描述

使用 git bundle ？

对git存储库进行增量备份的最简单方法是什么？如果我只是想备份一个分支，我可以做这样的事情：

  git bundle create foo last-backup..master 
 git tag -f last-backup master 
  

但是如果我想备份所有内容包括所有分支机构）？

---

回答评论中的问题：

严格地说，我不需要使用通常的Git捆绑包，只要解决方案满足以下属性即可：

• 每个增量备份都是单个文件。我可以将它存储在某个地方，后续的增量备份无需修改此文件。



• 文件的大小近似等于Git提交的总大小自上次备份以来。二进制文件中的更改也被有效存储。

完整备份+所有增量备份包含我需要自动重建存储库的所有内容，包括所有分支。作为一个天真的例子，简单地用git仓库中最近更改过的文件构建一个tar归档文件并不能满足第二个要求，例如，如果发生了自动垃圾收集。）




理想情况下，我还想拥有一个防白痴的系统：






• 我几乎可以完全备份我的Git存储库以及所有最近的增量备份，并且我可以简单地从备份和存储库将是最新的。特别是，完全备份和增量备份之间是否存在部分重叠并不重要。
很好，如果我只需要处理一个分支。
解决方案

（我们与Jukka讨论过这个问题， / b>



预赛：




1. 将最后一次备份的可用空间设为 backup.bundle


2. 有一个指向 backup.bundle的远程备份





制作备份：





1. git fetch backup - 只是为了确保我们是最新的


2. git bundle create newbackup.bundle ^ backup / A ^ backup / BABC
   
   
   
   • 这意味着我们创建一个包含所有已经存在的东西bundle
   
   
   • 很容易从 refs / remote生成所需的 ^ backup / A 类型参数s / backup /
   
   
   • 同样， A 样式参数来自 refs /首页
   
   


3. 复制 newbackup.bundle 至无论您在哪里保留备份，都可以使用 newbackup.bundle 替换 backup.bundle 所以您知道从哪里开始下一次增量备份



恢复：





1. 拥有一个或者为空的版本库或者代表版本库的旧版本


2. 对于每个备份文件，依次为：
   
   
   
   1. git remote rm recovery
   
   
   2. git remote添加恢复<捆绑名称> ;
   
   
   3. git fetch recovery - 您需要命名远程设备才能使用
   
   
   
   4. 现在你应该在 refs / remotes / backup
   
   

   
   

   What is the easiest way to do incremental backups of a git repository with git bundle?

   If I just wanted to backup a single branch, I could do something along these lines:

   git bundle create foo last-backup..master
   git tag -f last-backup master
   

   But what if I want to backup everything (including all branches)?

   ---

   To answer the questions in the comments:

   Strictly speaking, I do not need to use the usual Git bundles, as long as the solution satisfies the following properties:

   • Each incremental backup is a single file. I can store it somewhere and subsequent incremental backups do not need to modify this file.

   • The size of the file is approximately equal to the total size of Git commits since the previous backup. Changes in binary files are also efficiently stored.

   • A full backup + all incremental backups since then contain everything that I need to automatically reconstruct the repository, including all branches.

   (As a naive example, simply constructing a tar archive with recently-changed files in the git repository fails to satisfy the second requirement if, for example, automatic garbage collection has occurred.)

   And ideally I would also like to have a system that is idiot-proof:

   • I can take virtually any full backup of my Git repository, plus all recent incremental backups, and I can simply "pull" everything from the backups and the repository will be up-to-date. In particular, it does not matter if there is a partial overlap between the full backup and incremental backups.

   Git bundles satisfy all this very nicely if I only need to handle one branch.

   解决方案

   (We discussed this problem with Jukka, this is the outcome.)

   Preliminaries:

   1. Have the last backup available as backup.bundle
   2. Have a remote backup that points at backup.bundle

   Making a backup:

   1. git fetch backup – just to make sure we're up to date
   2. git bundle create newbackup.bundle ^backup/A ^backup/B A B C
      • This means we create a bundle that excludes all the stuff that was already in the bundle
      • It's easy to generate the needed ^backup/A-style arguments from refs/remotes/backup/
      • Likewise the A-style arguments are from refs/heads
   3. copy newbackup.bundle to wherever you keep your backups
   4. replace backup.bundle with newbackup.bundle so you know where to start the next incremental backup

   Recovering:

   1. Have a repository that is either empty or represents an old version of your repository
   2. For every backup file, in sequence:
      1. git remote rm recovery
      2. git remote add recovery <name-of-bundle>
      3. git fetch recovery – you need to name the remote for this to work

   3. Now you should have every branch available in refs/remotes/backup

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