问题描述
我搜索了google，但没有找到关于我为什么要使用软件包的令人满意的答案.
I searched google but did not find any satisfying answer as to why I should use packages.
我知道一个程序包是一组过程，函数和不同的变量.据我了解，它与OOP中的对象相对应.但是，当然没有什么比实例化包的不同实例更重要的了，每个实例将具有不同的属性值并具有不同的行为.
I know that a package is a bundle of procedures, functions and different variables. As I understand it sort of corresponds to object in OOP. But of course there's nothing like instantiating different instances of a package so that each instance would have different property values and behave differently.
那么当我可以创建一个独立的过程并独立调用它时，使用软件包的好处是什么?
Then what is the advantage of using packages when I can just create a standalone procedure and call it independently?
推荐答案
包具有以下优点:
- 凝聚力:与特定子系统有关的所有过程和功能都在一个程序单元中.这只是良好的设计习惯，但也易于管理，例如在源代码管理中.
- 常量，子类型和其他有用的东西:PL/SQL比存储过程要重要的多.我们在程序包规范中可以定义的任何内容都可以与其他程序共享，例如用户定义的异常.
- 重载:能够使用相同的名称但具有不同的签名来定义过程或函数.
- 安全性:在程序包主体中定义私有过程，由于该私有过程未在规范中公开，因此只能由该程序包使用.
- 共享通用代码:私有过程的另一个好处.
- 我们只需要在一个软件包上授予EXECUTE权限，而不是在多个过程上授予权限.
- Cohesion: all the procedures and functions relating to a specfic sub-system are in one program unit. This is just good design practice but it's also easier to manage, e.g. in source control.
- Constants, sub-types and other useful things: there's more to PL/SQL than stored procedures. Anything we can define in a package spec can be shared with other programs, for instance user-defined exceptions.
- Overloading: the ability to define a procedure or function with the same name but different signatures.
- Security: defining private procedures in the package body which can only be used by the package because they aren't exposed in the specification.
- Sharing common code: another benefit of private procedures.
- We only need to grant EXECUTE on a package rather than on several procedures.
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