Python 项目的简单依赖管理

问题描述

我来自 Java 背景，对 Python 完全陌生.

I am coming from Java background and completely new at Python.

现在我有一个包含一些导入的 Python 文件的小项目.我知道我的计算机上没有安装导入的依赖项，所以我尝试找出所需的依赖项并运行 pip 来安装它们.

Now I have got a small project with a few Python files that contain a few imports. I know I does not have the imported dependencies installed on my computer, so I try to figure out the required dependencies and run pip to install them.

我想以不同的方式来做.我更愿意将依赖项列在一个文件中，并在构建过程中自动安装它们.

I would like to do it differently. I would prefer to have the dependencies listed in a single file and install them automatically during the build process.

有意义吗?如果是的话，我有几个问题:

Does it make sense ? If it does I have a few questions:

• 如何列出pip需要安装的项目依赖?
• 如何运行 pip 来安装列表中的依赖项?

• How to list the project dependencies required to install by pip ?
• How to run pip to install the dependencies from the list ?

推荐答案

管理 Python 项目依赖项的常用方法是通过项目根目录中名为requirements.txt"的文件.一个简单的方法是:

A common way to manage dependencies for a python project is via a file in root of the project named "requirements.txt". An easy way to make this is:

1. 为您的项目设置一个 python virtualenv
2. 通过 pip 手动安装所需的模块
3. 执行 pip freeze >requirements.txt 生成需求文件

1. Setup a python virtualenv for your project
2. Manually install the required modules via pip
3. Execute pip freeze > requirements.txt to generate the requirements file

然后您可以使用 pip install -r requirements.txt 在其他位置安装所有依赖项.

You can then install all the dependencies in other locations using pip install -r requirements.txt.

如果你想在其他人pip install你的包时自动安装依赖，你可以在你的setup.py中使用install_requires()>.

If you want dependencies to be installed automatically when other people pip install your package, you can use install_requires() in your setup.py.

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