Go中的泛型编程。避免硬编码类型断言

问题描述

我正在编写一个通用的缓存机制，我需要在结构中设置一些属性，只知道它们的reflect.Type，属性名称和reflect.Value在属性中设置，但我无法避免类型断言，这使得我的代码不是通用的......

I'm programming a generic cache mechanism and i need to set some attributes in a struct knowing only their reflect.Type, attribute name and reflect.Value to be setted in the attribute, but i can't avoid the type assertion, that makes my code not generic...

func main() {
    addressNew := Address{"New Address description!"}

    // In the real problem, i know the reflect.Type of value, but
    // the struct came to me as a interface{}, just like this method
    // Return many kinds of values from redis as interface{},
    // (Customer, Order, Address, Product, SKU etc), in a generic way,
    // but returns the reflect.Type of value also.
    interfaceSomeValue := getMyValue()

    fmt.Printf("%v", interfaceSomeValue)
    fmt.Println("")

    // This portion of code comes from my cache mechanism, that is a library
    // used by other projects. My cache lib really can't know all others
    // type structs to perform the type assertion, but the cache mechanism know
    // the reflect.Type of the interface.
    // If you try at this way, will cause a panic by try to access a FieldByName
    // in a interface, because the Customer comes from getMyValue and
    // becomes a interface{}, and now a type assertion is
    // required -> http://play.golang.org/p/YA8U9_KzC9
    newCustomerNewAttribute := SetAttribute(&interfaceSomeValue, "Local", interface{}(addressNew), reflect.TypeOf(Customer{}))

    fmt.Printf("%v", newCustomerNewAttribute)
    fmt.Println("")
}

func SetAttribute(object interface{}, attributeName string, attValue interface{}, objectType reflect.Type) interface{} {
    if reflect.ValueOf(object).Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
        panic("need a pointer")
    }

    value := reflect.ValueOf(object).Elem()
    field := value.FieldByName(attributeName)
    valueForAtt := reflect.ValueOf(attValue)
    field.Set(valueForAtt)
    return value.Interface()
}

推荐答案

最后，我找到了一种方法来做到这一点。按照Go Playground和以下代码片段进行操作：

Finally i find a way to do that. Follow the Go Playground and code snippet below:

//new approach SetAttribute, without any hard coded type assertion, just based on objectType parameter
func SetAttribute(myUnknownTypeValue *interface{}, attributeName string, attValue interface{}, objectType reflect.Type) {

    // create value for old val
    oldValue := reflect.ValueOf(*myUnknownTypeValue)

    //create a new value, based on type
    newValue := reflect.New(objectType).Elem()
    // set the old value to the new one, making the
    // implicit type assertion, not hard coding that.
    newValue.Set(oldValue)

    //set value attribute to the new struct, copy of the old one
    field := newValue.FieldByName(attributeName)
    valueForAtt := reflect.ValueOf(attValue)
    field.Set(valueForAtt)

    //capture the new value from reflect.Value
    newValInterface := newValue.Interface()
    //set the new value to the pointer
    *myUnknownTypeValue = newValInterface
}

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