问题描述
我有一个列表:
l = [['en', 60, 'command'],['sq', 34, 'komand']]
我想搜索komand
或sq
并返回l[1]
.
我可以为列表搜索定义自己的匹配功能吗?
Can I somehow define my own matching function for list searches?
推荐答案
类似的表达式:
next(subl for subl in l if 'sq' in subl)
会精确地为您提供您要搜索的子列表(如果没有这样的子列表,请提高StopIteration
;如果后一种行为不是您想要的,请向next
传递第二个参数[[例如,或None
,具体取决于您要返回的内容!]].因此,只需使用此结果值,或将其分配给您想要的任何名称,依此类推.
will give you exactly the sublist you're searching for (or raise StopIteration
if there is no such sublist; if the latter behavior is not what you want, pass next
a second argument [[e.g, []
or None
, depending on what exactly you want!]] to return in that case). So, just use this result value, or assign it to whatever name you wish, and so forth.
当然,您可以轻松地将此表达式修饰为所需的任何功能,例如:
Of course, you can easily dress this expression up into any kind of function you like, e.g.:
def gimmethesublist(thelist, anitem, adef=None):
return next((subl for subl in thelist if anitem in subl), adef)
但是,如果您要使用特定的变量或值,则通常最好使用内联代码对表达式进行编码.
but if you're working with specific variables or values, coding the expression in-line may often be preferable.
编辑:如果要搜索多个项目以查找包含任何一个(或更多)项目的子列表,
Edit: if you want to search for multiple items in order to find a sublist containing any one (or more) of your items,
its = set(['blah', 'bluh'])
next(subl for subl in l if its.intersection(subl))
,如果您要查找包含所有个项目的子列表,
and if you want to find a sublist containing all of your items,
next(subl for subl in l if its.issubset(subl))
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