创建 FORTRAN 生成文件

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问题描述

我有一个由许多不同的 .F 和 .h 文件组成的 FORTRAN 源代码.我需要从中构建一个可执行文件，但我遇到了一些问题.到目前为止我制作的makefile(可能有错误，因为我是新手)是:

I have a FORTRAN source code consisting of many different .F and .h files. I need to build an executable from it, but I'm having some problems. The makefile that I produced so far (which may have errors as I'm new to this) is:

 # compiler
 FC = /usr/bin/gfortran-4.5

 # compile flags
 FCFLAGS = -g -c -fdefault-real-8 -fbacktrace -fno-align-commons
 # link flags
 FLFLAGS = -g -fbacktrace

 # source files and objects
 SRCS = $(patsubst %.F, %.o, $(wildcard *.F))
        $(patsubst %.h, %.mod, $(wildcard *.h))

 # program name
 PROGRAM = blah

 all: $(PROGRAM)

 $(PROGRAM): $(SRCS)
    $(FC) $(FCFLAGS) $@ $<

 %.o: %.F
    $(FC) $(FLFLAGS) -o $@ $<

 %.mod: %.h
    $(FC) $(FLFLAGS) -o $@ $<

 clean:
    rm -f *.o *.mod

但是，当我尝试编写程序时，我遇到了许多未定义的引用错误.我的意思是，第一个编译的 .F 文件中的每个函数和子例程调用都会返回一个未定义的引用错误.我认为这是因为 gfortran 试图链接文件而不是仅编译它们然后在最后链接，但我认为-c"选项应该防止这种情况发生.

When I try to make the program, however, I'm getting a slew of undefined reference errors. I mean, every function and subroutine call in the very first compiled .F file gives back an undefined reference error. I thought this was because gfortran was trying to link the files instead of just compiling them and then linking at the end, but I thought the '-c' option was supposed to prevent that.

更新:

正如评论者所指出的，我混淆了编译和链接标志.此外，您不应该编译 *.h 文件.这是最新的、更正后的 makefile:

As commenters have pointed out, I mixed up the compile and link flags. Furthermore, you shouldn't compile *.h files. Here is the latest, corrected makefile:

# compiler
FC = /usr/bin/gfortran-4.4

# compile flags
FCFLAGS = -g -c -fdefault-real-8 -fbacktrace -fno-align-commons -fbounds-check -std=legacy
# link flags
FLFLAGS =

# source files and objects
SRCS = $(patsubst %.F, %.o, $(wildcard *.F))

# program name
PROGRAM = blah

all: $(PROGRAM)

$(PROGRAM): $(SRCS)
    $(FC) $(FLFLAGS) -o $@ $<

%.o: %.F
    $(FC) $(FCFLAGS) -o $@ $<

clean:
    rm -f *.o *.mod

现在当我运行 make 时，它将编译代码中的每个 *.F 文件，但在链接阶段失败.我在第一个 *.F 文件中得到了一堆未定义的参考错误.编译器似乎在链接阶段单独检查每个 *.F 文件，我不确定这是否正确.然后我得到一个错误:

Now when I run make, it will compile each *.F file in the code, but it fails at the linking stage. I get a bunch of undefined reference errors in the very first *.F file. The compiler seems to be going over each *.F file individually in the linking stage, which I'm not sure is correct. Then I get an error:

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.4.5/libgfortranbegin.a(fmain.o): In function `main':
(.text+0x26): undefined reference to `MAIN__'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

但是，如果我输入命令:

However, if I type the command:

gfortran -o blah *.o

可执行文件将被构建，所以看起来我在链接阶段的 makefile 中做错了.

The executable will be built, so it seems like I did something wrong in the makefile for the linking stage.

更新:2011 年 5 月 9 日

UPDATE: 5/9/2011

Sverre 指出了我的 makefile 的最后一个问题.在构建程序的第一个目标中，我仅对第一个依赖项 ($<) 使用快捷命令，但我需要使用 ($^) 快捷方式包含所有依赖项(即所有 *.o 文件).最终的工作 makefile 如下:

Sverre pointed out the final problem with my makefile. In my first target that builds the program, I use the shortcut command for only the first dependency ($<), but I need to include all dependencies (i.e. all *.o files) using the ($^) shortcut. The final, working makefile is as follows:

# compiler
FC      := /usr/bin/gfortran-4.5

# compile flags
FCFLAGS = -g -c -fdefault-real-8 -fbacktrace -fno-align-commons -fbounds-check
# link flags
FLFLAGS =

# source files and objects
SRCS = $(patsubst %.F, %.o, $(wildcard *.F))
#       $(patsubst %.h, %.mod, $(wildcard *.h))

# program name
PROGRAM = vipre

all: $(PROGRAM)

$(PROGRAM): $(SRCS)
    $(FC) $(FLFLAGS) -o $@ $^

%.o: %.F
    $(FC) $(FCFLAGS) -o $@ $<

# %.mod: %.h
# $(FC) $(FCFLAGS) -o $@ $<

clean:
    rm -f *.o *.mod

you

创建 FORTRAN 生成文件

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