如何使“看得见"用python dict哈希?

问题描述

在Perl中可以做到这一点:

In Perl one can do this:

my %seen;

foreach my $dir ( split /:/, $input ) {
        $seen{$dir}++;
}

这是一种通过跟踪已看到"的内容来删除重复项的方法.在python中，您无法执行以下操作:

This is a way to remove duplicates by keeping track of what has been "seen". In python you cannot do:

seen = {}

for x in ['one', 'two', 'three', 'one']:
    seen[x] += 1

上面的python导致 KeyError:'one'.

The above python results in KeyError: 'one'.

进行可见"哈希的python-y方法是什么?

What is python-y way of making a 'seen' hash?

推荐答案

使用 defaultdict 可获得此行为.要注意的是，您需要为defaultdict指定数据类型，以便即使没有值的键也可以使用:

Use a defaultdict for getting this behavior. The catch is that you need to specify the datatype for defaultdict to work for even those keys which don't have a value:

In [29]: from collections import defaultdict

In [30]: seen = defaultdict(int)

In [31]: for x in ['one', 'two', 'three', 'one']:
    ...:     seen[x] += 1

In [32]: seen
Out[32]: defaultdict(int, {'one': 2, 'three': 1, 'two': 1})

您也可以使用计数器:

>>> from collections import Counter
>>> seen = Counter()
>>> for x in ['one', 'two', 'three', 'one']: seen[x] += 1
... 
>>> seen
Counter({'one': 2, 'three': 1, 'two': 1})

如果您需要的是唯一的，只需执行设置操作: set(['''，'two'，'three'，'one'])

If all you need are uniques, just do a set operation: set(['one', 'two', 'three', 'one'])

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