Ruby中的随机句生成器：如何随机选择哈希中特定键的值？

问题描述

我正在研究一个RSG的Ruby版本，并以某种方式停留在生成句子的过程中（...）

所以我设法实现了所有的函数，比如read ，转换为哈希...等。但问题是如何随机选择哈希值来生成句子？

现在我在这里有一个哈希值：

  hash = {< start>=> [[The，< object>，< verb> 
< object>=> [[waves]，[big，yellow，flowers]，[slugs]]，
< verb> => [[sigh，<副词>，[portend，like，< object>]]，[die，< adverb>]]，
< adverb>=> [[warily]，[grumpily]]} 
  

目标是在散列中使用随机值组装字符串，例如当函数迭代到< object>时，它会将其作为然后随机选择相应的值（< object> => [> [[波浪]，[大 黄色，花朵]，[slugs]] ）并组装它，然后输出如下所示：

 海浪今晚惊呼
  

到目前为止我的代码：

  hash.each do | _，value | 
 value.map {| x | x.map {| Y | is_non_terminal？（y）？ （puts value.values_at（SomethingToPutInto））:( puts y）}} 
 end 
  

values_at 将导致TypeError：没有隐式转换String into Integer（TypeError）

对于 is_non_terminal？（y）函数来检查字符串是否包含< 和> ：

$ b $ （$<'&&'>'）？ true：false
end

解决方案

我们把它称为 generate 。

  def生成（键）
  

在密钥处读取散列并随机使用 sample ：

  words = @hash [key] .sample 
  

然后，对于每个单词，检查它是否是< key> 。如果是这样，请调用生成，否则保存：

  if （word.start_with？（<）&& word.end_with？（>））
 generate（word）
 else 
 @sentence<< word 
 end 
  

放在一起：

  @hash = {< start>=> [[The，< object>，< verb>， ]]，
< object>=> [[波浪]，[大，黄色，花朵，[slugs]]，
 < verb> => [[sigh，<副词>，[portend，like，< object>]]，[die，<副词> ]]，
<副词>=> [[warily]，[grumpily]]} 
 
 @sentence = [] 
 
 def生成（key）
 words = @hash [key] .sample 
 words.each do | word | 
 if（word.start_with？（<）&& word.end_with？（>））
 generate（word）
 else 
 @sentence << word 
 end 
 end 
 end 
 
 generate（< start>）
 puts @ sentence.join（）
  

注意我使用@ -variables使它们的作用域可以在方法内到达。

样本输出：大黄色的花朵今晚在叹息。

I'm working on a Ruby verison of RSG and somehow stuck on the sentence generating process (...)

so I managed to implement all functions like read, convert to hash...,etc. But problem is how to randomly pick values in hash to generate the sentence?

Now I have a hash here:

hash = {"<start>"=>[["The", "<object>", "<verb>", "tonight."]],
        "<object>"=>[["waves"], ["big", "yellow", "flowers"], ["slugs"]], 
        "<verb>"=>[["sigh", "<adverb>"], ["portend", "like", "<object>"],["die", "<adverb>"]], 
        "<adverb>"=>[["warily"], ["grumpily"]]}

The Objective is to assemble the strings using random values in the hash for example when the function iterates to "<object>", it will take it as a key and search in the hash to find matching key then randomly pick the corresponding values (one of the strings in "<object>"=>[["waves"], ["big", "yellow", "flowers"], ["slugs"]]) and assemble it, then the output would be something like this:

"The waves sigh warily tonight" 

My code so far:

hash.each do |_, value|
  value.map{|x| x.map{|y| is_non_terminal?(y) ? (puts value.values_at("SomethingToPutInto")) : (puts y)}}
end

Somehow the logics in the code becomes too complicated and I'm stuck on this step.. Using values_at will cause TypeError: no implicit conversion of String into Integer (TypeError)

For is_non_terminal?(y) is just a function to check whether the string contains < and >:

def is_non_terminal?(s)
   s.include?('<' && '>') ? true : false
end

解决方案

I assume they're looking for a recursive method, let's call it generate.

def generate(key)

Read the hash at the key and take one randomly using sample:

  words = @hash[key].sample

Then, for each word, check to see if it's a <key>. If so, call generate on it, otherwise save it:

    if (word.start_with?("<") && word.end_with?(">"))
      generate(word)
    else
      @sentence << word
    end

Putting it all together:

@hash = {"<start>"=>[["The", "<object>", "<verb>", "tonight."]],
        "<object>"=>[["waves"], ["big", "yellow", "flowers"], ["slugs"]], 
        "<verb>"=>[["sigh", "<adverb>"], ["portend", "like", "<object>"],["die", "<adverb>"]], 
        "<adverb>"=>[["warily"], ["grumpily"]]}

@sentence = []

def generate(key)
  words = @hash[key].sample
  words.each do |word|
    if (word.start_with?("<") && word.end_with?(">"))
      generate(word)
    else
      @sentence << word
    end
  end
end

generate("<start>")
puts @sentence.join(" ")

Notice I used @-variables to make their scope reachable from within the method.

Sample output: The big yellow flowers sigh grumpily tonight.

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