问题描述
好了，所以我显然有一些问题了解如何使用散列工作。长话短说，我试图通过FTP日志分析和找到一个特定的搜索标准的相关流程。基本上我要把它做的是，说我有一个IP地址或用户名，它首先做了pretty简单grep来尽量减少我不需要任何数据和输出发送到外部文件。如果我在寻找的用户名testing1，那么它在testing1一个grep和将输出发送到名为output.txt的另一个文件：
12月2日0点14分09秒的ftpd FTP1 [743]：USER testing1
12月2日零点14分09秒的ftpd FTP1 [743]：FTP登录FROM 192.168.0.2 [192.168.0.2]，testing1
12月2日0点30分08秒的ftpd FTP1 [1261]：USER testing1
12月2日0时30分09秒的ftpd FTP1 [1261]：FTP登录FROM 192.168.0.4 [192.168.0.4]，testing1
12月2日1点12分33秒的ftpd FTP1 [11804]：USER testing1
12月2日1点12分33秒的ftpd FTP1 [11804]：FTP登录FROM 192.168.0.2 [192.168.0.2]，testing1
和下面是始发日志数据的示例：
12月1日23时59分03秒的ftpd FTP1 [4152]：USER testing1
12月1日23时59分03秒的ftpd FTP1 [4152]：PASS密码
12月1日23时59分03秒的ftpd FTP1 [4152]：FTP登录FROM 192.168.0.02 [192.168.0.2]，testing1
12月1日23时59分03秒的ftpd FTP1 [4152]：PWD
12月1日23时59分03秒的ftpd FTP1 [4152]：CWD /测试/数据/
12月1日23时59分03秒的ftpd FTP1 [4152]类型的图像
然后我进去，把所有我该ID的时间一起找到processIDs并把它们放到一个哈希值。这就是你看到的如下：
$ VAR1 = {
'743'=＆GT; [
00：1
]
'20687'=＆GT; [
'01：3'
]
'27186'=＆GT; [
'15：3'
]
'6929'=＆GT; [
'12：0'
]
'24771'=＆GT; [
09：0
]
'11804'=＆GT; [
01：1
]
'27683'=＆GT; [
'08：3'
]
'14976'=＆GT; [
'04：3'
]
};
这看起来好像时间被放入哈希作为数组。我无法弄清楚，为什么这是发生在我决定与它的工作作为一个数组。下面是如何数组的哈希创建：
＃------------------------------- ------------------
＃提取PID和从线时间，取出双打
＃------------------------------------------------- ------
我的$ infile3 ='output.txt的';
我的PID％;
我发现$;
我是$ var;开（INPUT2，$ infile3）或死无法读取$ infile3 \\ n;而（我的$行=＆LT;＆INPUT2 GT;）{
如果（$行=〜/（\\ D {2}）\\：（\\ D）/）{
我的$ HHMM = $ 1 ：。 $ 2;
如果（$行=〜/ftpd\\[(.*?)\\]/）{
$找到= 0;
的foreach $ VAR（键％的PID）{
如果（grep的$ 1 =〜$ VAR，钥匙％的PID）{
$找到= 1;
}
}
如果（$找到== 0）{
推@ {$的PID {$ 1}}，$ HHMM; }
}
}}
为了加快速度，我决定阅读所有具有匹配的PID，他们是否适合流量或没有台词，到一个数组，所以我没有继续读在原始文件。
## ------------------------------------ -------------------
##从文件中读取每一行到一个数组
## ------------------------------------------------ -------
开（INPUT，$ infile2）或死无法读取$ infile2 \\ n;我@messages;而（我的$行=＆LT; INPUT＆GT;）{
＃如果存在匹配到PID然后把线阵列中
如果（$行=〜/ ftpd的\\ [（。*？）\\] /）{
我的$ MPID = $ 1;
我的foreach $键（按键％的PID）{
如果（$关键=〜$ MPID）{
推@messages，$线;
}
}
}
}
我现在正在试图将线匹配的PID和时间来获得流量。我只匹配HH：在时间M更多的机会获得整个流程，也因为与具有相同的时间内一个PID其他流的几率是pretty渺茫。最终，所有这些结果将被发送到内部网页。
＃------------------------------- ------------------
#find基于从标准发现流的PID
＃------------------------------------------------- ------我的foreach $线（@messages）{
如果（我的（$ PID）= $行=〜微{\\ [\\ S *（\\ d +）\\]：} X）{
如果（$行=〜/（\\ D {2}）\\：（\\ D）/）{
我的$时间= $ 1 ：。 $ 2;
如果（$的PID {$ PID} [0] =〜/ $时间/）{
推$的PID {$ PID} [0]，$线;
}
}
}
}
现在上面的code由于某种原因，实际上是从哈希删除时间一旦匹配。我不清楚为什么发生这种情况。
我能得到正在与一个bash脚本，但花了几十年它完成。得益于这里的人，我决定用Perl因此我基本上采取了速成班来解决它的建议。我读过的一切，我可以和有基本的编程技巧在C ++中，但显然还需要大量的工作。我也得到了它的工作使用数组但再次它是慢得令人难以置信，我是得到了很多匹配的进程ID而不是我一直在寻找的流量流。所以，经过进一步的建议，我决定与哈希工作，有进程ID为关键，必须参考该键的具体时间，然后同时具有该键和时间与流量日志中的线。我已经有多个问题对这个但A.未作明确解释自己和B.一直在努力，因为我学到不同的东西。但备案大家在这里得到了大幅帮我，我希望有一天我能为别人这个名单上是相同的。出于某种原因，我无法通过我的厚头骨得到这个东西。
不管怎么说，希望我谈过了，我敢肯定，我开始得到人们的神经与所有这些问题，所以我道歉。
更新：
嗯，我想我想出如何使这一切哈希值，但不看的权利。我改变推 @ {$的PID {$ 1}}，$ HHMM; 到 $的PID {$ 1} {$ X} = $ HHMM; 这将创建下列内容：
$ VAR1 = {
'743'=＆GT; {
''=＆GT; 00：1
}，
'20687'=＆GT; {
''=＆GT; '01：3'
}，
但它看起来并不像它引用正确的，所以当我做打印$的PID {743}; 所有它打印是 HASH（0x4caf10 ）
更新：
好吧，我可以通过更改 @ {$的PID {$ 1}}，$ HHMM把所有的值转换成散列; 到 $ PID的{$ 1} = $ HHMM; 这似乎是工作：
$ VAR1 = {
'743'=＆GT; '00：1'，
'20687'=＆GT; '01：3'，
};
但现在我怎么检查，看看是否值00：1另一个变量相匹配？这是我目前已经和不工作：
如果（$的PID {$ PID} == QR / $时间/）{
$的PID {$ PID} {$}时间[$ Y] = $行;
$ Y ++;
};
这是它应该如何看比赛作出后：
$ VAR1 = {
'743'=＆GT; '00：1'，
'4771'=＆GT; {
'23：5'=＆GT; [
12月1日23时59分23秒的ftpd FTP1 [4771]：用户测试
'，
12月1日23时59分23秒的ftpd FTP1 [4771]：PASS密码
'，
12月1日23时59分23秒的ftpd FTP1 [4771]：FTP登录FROM 192.168.0.2 [192.168.0.2]，测试
'，
12月1日23时59分23秒的ftpd FTP1 [4771]：CWD /家/测试/
'，
12月1日23时59分23秒的ftpd FTP1 [4771]类型的图像
'，
12月1日23时59分23秒的ftpd FTP1 [4771] PASV
'，
12月1日23时59分23秒的ftpd FTP1 [4771]：RETR测试
'，
12月1日23时59分23秒的ftpd FTP1 [4771]：退出
'，
12月1日23时59分23秒的ftpd FTP1 [4771]：FTP会议闭幕
]
}，
您有几个错误，在你的code。
首先，你只拉出分钟的一个数字：
如果（$行=〜/（\\ d {2}）\\（\\ D）/）{
应
如果（$行=〜/（\\ d {2}）\\（\\ D {2}）/）{
如果我是间$ P $正确pting您code的意图，你想找出
您是否已经看到了时间对于一个给定PID，所以你只设置
第一次。如果是这样，你不通过所有PID％的钥匙需要循环
做这个。你真正需要做的是
如果（$行=〜/ftpd\\[(.*?)\\]/）{
$ PID {$ 1} [0] = $ HHMM除非存在$ PID {$ 1};
}
请注意，我在做一项任务，而不是一推，所以我将结束
在数组引用的第一个元素的时间。
我想你可能意味着输入==代替=〜如下：
如果（$的grep 1 =〜$ VAR，钥匙％的PID）{
presumably需要捕获不仅仅是时间的详细信息，如用户名，
传输类型等，所以你会发现它更好地使用散列引用，而不是根据PID数组引用。你可以标记并轻松找到你的信息，这样的话：
我的$ PID = $ 1;
如果（$行=〜/ftpd\\[(.*?)\\]/）{
$ PID {$ PID} {}时间= $ HHMM除非存在$ PID {$ PID};
}
如果（$行=〜/ USER（\\ w +）/）{
$ PID {$ PID} {}用户= $ 1;
}
当然，你将根据任何使最适合您的目的，使您快速搜索想要索引。例如，你可能会保持第二哈希时间为指标：
$ {时间HHMM $} {} PID = $ PID;
，甚至保持与给定用户相关联的所有PID
的列表 推@ {$用户{$ 1}}，$ PID;
Ok, so I'm obviously having some issues understanding how to work with hashes. Long story short, I'm attempting to parse through an ftp log and find the relevant flows for a specific search criteria. Basically what I'm trying to make it do is, say I have an IP address or a user name, it first does a pretty simple grep to try to minimize any data I don't need and send the output to an external file. If I'm searching for username testing1, then it does a grep on testing1 and sends the output to another file called output.txt:
Dec 2 00:14:09 ftp1 ftpd[743]: USER testing1
Dec 2 00:14:09 ftp1 ftpd[743]: FTP LOGIN FROM 192.168.0.2 [192.168.0.2], testing1
Dec 2 00:30:08 ftp1 ftpd[1261]: USER testing1
Dec 2 00:30:09 ftp1 ftpd[1261]: FTP LOGIN FROM 192.168.0.4 [192.168.0.4], testing1
Dec 2 01:12:33 ftp1 ftpd[11804]: USER testing1
Dec 2 01:12:33 ftp1 ftpd[11804]: FTP LOGIN FROM 192.168.0.2 [192.168.0.2], testing1
And below is an example of the originating log data:
Dec 1 23:59:03 ftp1 ftpd[4152]: USER testing1
Dec 1 23:59:03 ftp1 ftpd[4152]: PASS password
Dec 1 23:59:03 ftp1 ftpd[4152]: FTP LOGIN FROM 192.168.0.02 [192.168.0.2], testing1
Dec 1 23:59:03 ftp1 ftpd[4152]: PWD
Dec 1 23:59:03 ftp1 ftpd[4152]: CWD /test/data/
Dec 1 23:59:03 ftp1 ftpd[4152]: TYPE Image
I then go in, put all the processIDs that I find along with the time of that ID and put them into a hash. Which is what you see below:
$VAR1 = {
'743' => [
'00:1'
],
'20687' => [
'01:3'
],
'27186' => [
'15:3'
],
'6929' => [
'12:0'
],
'24771' => [
'09:0'
],
'11804' => [
'01:1'
],
'27683' => [
'08:3'
],
'14976' => [
'04:3'
],
};
It looks as if the time is being put into the hash as an array. I was unable to figure out why this is happening to I decided to work with it as an array. The following is how the hash of arrays are created:
# -------------------------------------------------------
# Extract PIDs and Time from lines, take out doubles
# -------------------------------------------------------
my $infile3 = 'output.txt';
my %pids;
my $found;
my $var;
open (INPUT2, $infile3) or die "Couldn't read $infile3.\n";
while (my $line = <INPUT2>) {
if($line =~ /(\d{2})\:(\d)/ ) {
my $hhmm = $1 . ":" . $2;
if ($line =~ /ftpd\[(.*?)\]/) {
$found = 0;
foreach $var(keys %pids){
if(grep $1 =~ $var, keys %pids){
$found = 1;
}
}
if ($found == 0){
push @{$pids{$1}}, $hhmm;
}
}
}
}
To speed things up I have decided to read all the lines that have the matching PIDs, whether they fit the flow or not, into an array so I don't have to keep reading in the originating file.
##-------------------------------------------------------
## read each line from file into an array
##-------------------------------------------------------
open (INPUT, $infile2) or die "Couldn't read $infile2.\n";
my @messages;
while (my $line = <INPUT>){
# if there is a match to the PID then put the line in the array
if ($line =~ /ftpd\[(.*?)\]/){
my $mPID = $1;
foreach my $key (keys %pids){
if ($key =~ $mPID){
push @messages, $line;
}
}
}
}
I'm now trying to match the line up with the PID and the Time to get the flow. I'm only matching the hh:m in the time for more of a chance to get the entire flow and because chances of other flows with a PID having the same timeframe is pretty slim. Eventually all these results will be send to an internal web page.
# -------------------------------------------------------
#find flow based on PID that was found from criteria
#-------------------------------------------------------
foreach my $line(@messages){
if(my($pid) = $line =~ m{ \[ \s*(\d+) \]: }x) {
if($line =~ /(\d{2})\:(\d)/){
my $time = $1 . ":" . $2;
if ($pids{$pid}[0] =~ /$time/){
push $pids{$pid}[0], $line;
}
}
}
}
Right now the above code for some reason is actually deleting the time from the hash once it is matched. I am unsure why this is happening.
I was able to get is working with a bash script but took decades for it to complete. Thanks to suggestions from people here I have decided to tackle it with Perl so am basically taking a crash course. I've read everything I can and have basic programming skills in C++ but obviously still need a lot of work. I also got it working using arrays but once again it was incredibly slow and i was getting a lot of flows that matched the process ID but were not the flows I was looking for. So after further suggestions I decided to work with hashes, have the process ID as the key, have a specific time referenced to that key, and then lines within the log that have both that key and time as the flow. I have had multiple questions on this already but have A. Not explained myself clearly and B. have been trying different things as I learn. But for the record everyone here has helped me tremendously and I hope that one day I can do the same for others on this list. For some reason I just can't get this stuff through my thick skull.
Anyways, hopefully I covered everything, I'm sure I'm starting to get on people's nerves with all these questions so I apologize.
UPDATE:
Well I think I figured out how to make it all hashes but doesn't look right. I changed push @{$pids{$1}}, $hhmm; to $pids{$1}{$x} = $hhmm; which creates the following:
$VAR1 = {
'743' => {
'' => '00:1'
},
'20687' => {
'' => '01:3'
},
But it doesn't look like it's referencing correctly so when I do print $pids{743}; all it prints is HASH(0x4caf10)
UPDATE:
Ok, I was able to put all the values into hashes by changing @{$pids{$1}}, $hhmm; to $pids{$1} = $hhmm; which seems to be working:
$VAR1 = {
'743' => '00:1',
'20687' => '01:3',
};
But now how do I check to see if the value '00:1' matches another variable? This is what I currently have and is not working:
if($pids{$pid} == qr/$time/){
$pids{$pid}{$time}[$y] = $line;
$y++;
};
This is how it should look after the match is made:
$VAR1 = {
'743' => '00:1',
'4771' => {
'23:5' => [
'Dec 1 23:59:23 ftp1 ftpd[4771]: USER test
',
'Dec 1 23:59:23 ftp1 ftpd[4771]: PASS password
',
'Dec 1 23:59:23 ftp1 ftpd[4771]: FTP LOGIN FROM 192.168.0.2 [192.168.0.2], test
',
'Dec 1 23:59:23 ftp1 ftpd[4771]: CWD /home/test/
',
'Dec 1 23:59:23 ftp1 ftpd[4771]: TYPE Image
',
'Dec 1 23:59:23 ftp1 ftpd[4771]: PASV
',
'Dec 1 23:59:23 ftp1 ftpd[4771]: RETR test
',
'Dec 1 23:59:23 ftp1 ftpd[4771]: QUIT
',
'Dec 1 23:59:23 ftp1 ftpd[4771]: FTP session closed
'
]
},
You have a couple of errors in your code.
The first is that you're only pulling out one digit of the minutes:
if($line =~ /(\d{2})\:(\d)/ ) {
should be
if($line =~ /(\d{2})\:(\d{2})/ ) {
If I'm interpreting the intent of your code correctly, you're trying to find outwhether you've already seen a time for a given pid so that you only set itthe first time. If so, you don't need to loop through all the keys in %pid to do this. All you really need to do is
if ($line =~ /ftpd\[(.*?)\]/) {
$pid{$1}[0] = $hhmm unless exists $pid{$1};
}
Notice that I'm doing an assignment rather than a push, so I will wind upwith the time in the first element of the array reference.
I think you may have meant to type "==" instead of "=~" below:
if(grep $1 =~ $var, keys %pids){
Presumably you need to capture more information than just the time, such as the user name,transfer type, etc. so you may find it better to use a hash reference instead of an array reference under the pid. That way you can tag and easily find your information:
my $pid = $1;
if ($line =~ /ftpd\[(.*?)\]/) {
$pid{$pid}{time} = $hhmm unless exists $pid{$pid};
}
if ($line =~ /USER (\w+)/) {
$pid{$pid}{user} = $1;
}
Of course, you'll want to index according to whatever makes most sense for your purposes to make your searches fast. For instance, you might keep a second hash indexed by time:
$time{$hhmm}{pid} = $pid;
or even keep a list of all the pids associated with a given user
push @{$user{$1}}, $pid;
这篇关于与哈希播放从Perl中的FTP流量的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持！