作为基类一部分的Python装饰器不能用于装饰继承类中的成员函数

问题描述

Python装饰器使用起来很有趣，但由于参数传递给装饰器的方式，我似乎遇到了障碍。这里我有一个装饰器被定义为基类的一部分（装饰器将访问类成员，因此它将需要self参数）。

Python decorators are fun to use, but I appear to have hit a wall due to the way arguments are passed to decorators. Here I have a decorator defined as part of a base class (the decorator will access class members hence it will require the self parameter).

class SubSystem(object):
    def UpdateGUI(self, fun): #function decorator
        def wrapper(*args):
            self.updateGUIField(*args)
            return fun(*args)
        return wrapper

    def updateGUIField(self, name, value):
        if name in self.gui:
            if type(self.gui[name]) == System.Windows.Controls.CheckBox:
                self.gui[name].IsChecked = value #update checkbox on ui 
            elif type(self.gui[name]) == System.Windows.Controls.Slider:
                self.gui[name].Value = value # update slider on ui 

        ...

我省略了其余的实现。现在这个类是将继承它的各种SubSystems的基类 - 一些继承的类需要使用UpdateGUI装饰器。

I've omitted the rest of the implementation. Now this class is a base class for various SubSystems that will inherit from it - some of the inherited classes will need to use the UpdateGUI decorator.

class DO(SubSystem):
    def getport(self, port):
        """Returns the value of Digital Output port "port"."""
        pass

    @SubSystem.UpdateGUI
    def setport(self, port, value):
        """Sets the value of Digital Output port "port"."""
        pass

我再次省略了函数实现，因为它们不相关。

Once again I have omitted the function implementations as they are not relevant.

简而言之，问题是虽然我可以通过将其指定为SubSystem.UpdateGUI来从继承类访问基类中定义的装饰器，但最终我得到此TypeError尝试使用它：

In short the problem is that while I can access the decorator defined in the base class from the inherited class by specifiying it as SubSystem.UpdateGUI, I ultimately get this TypeError when trying to use it:

未绑定方法必须使用SubSystem实例作为第一个参数调用UpdateGUI（）（改为获取函数实例）

这是因为我没有立即识别的方法将 self 参数传递给装饰器！

This is because I have no immediately identifiable way of passing the self parameter to the decorator!

有没有办法做到这一点？或者我是否已达到Python中当前装饰器实现的限制？

Is there a way to do this? Or have I reached the limits of the current decorator implementation in Python?

推荐答案

您需要创建 UpdateGUI a @classmethod ，并让你的包装知道 self 。一个工作示例：

You need to make UpdateGUI a @classmethod, and make your wrapper aware of self. A working example:

class X(object):
    @classmethod
    def foo(cls, fun):
        def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
            self.write(*args, **kwargs)
            return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper

    def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print(args, kwargs)

class Y(X):
    @X.foo
    def bar(self, x):
        print("x:", x)

Y().bar(3)
# prints:
#   (3,) {}
#   x: 3

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