尝试更新对象时，Android LiveData空错误

问题描述

我正在寻找帮助，以更好地了解Android中的LiveData.

I am looking for help to better understand LiveData in Android.

我创建了一个应用程序，允许用户查看，编辑或创建数据库中的条目.

I have created an application that allows a user to view, edit or create entries in a db.

我在表单活动上使用了一个视图模型，以在活动和片段之间共享信息，并使数据具有生命周期意识.

I have used a viewmodel on the form activity to share information between the activity and fragments and to also make the data Lifecycle aware.

当我从数据库中加载一个条目时，代码工作得很好.捕获所有更改并将其保存回数据库

The code works great when I load a entry from the database. Any changes are captured and saved back to the database

但是，当我想使用相同的代码创建新条目时，原因:java.lang.NullPointerException:当我尝试更新视图模型中的对象时，尝试调用虚拟方法... null对象引用.下面的示例尝试在用户输入新名称时设置Name值:

However when I want to create a new entry using the same code I getCaused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method ...null object reference when I try to update the object in the viewmodel. Sample below tries to set the Name value when a user enters a new one:

public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {
    patternViewModel.getPattern().getValue().setName(s.toString());
    ((FlyPatternDetailActivity)getActivity()).setHasChanged(true);

    ((FlyPatternDetailActivity)getActivity()).setActionBar(s.toString());
}

我的问题是，如果我没有从数据库中获取对象，而是要创建一个新条目，该如何更新实体的livedata对象.

My question is how to update the livedata object of my entity if I dont get an object back from my database and I am going to create a new entry.

我的视图模型是:

public class PatternViewModel extends AndroidViewModel {

    private PatternRepository repo;

    private LiveData<FlyPattern> mObservablePattern;


    public PatternViewModel(@NonNull Application application) {
        super(application);
        if (mObservablePattern == null) {
            mObservablePattern = new MutableLiveData<>();
        }
        repo = PatternRepository.getInstance(((FlyTyingJournalApplicationClass) application).getDatabase());

    }


    public void loadPattern(final long id){
        if(id != -1)
            mObservablePattern = repo.getPattern(id);

    }
    public LiveData<FlyPattern> getPattern(){

        return mObservablePattern;
    }


    public void insertPattern() {
        repo.insertPattern(mObservablePattern.getValue());
    }

    public void updateFlyPattern(){
        repo.updatePattern(mObservablePattern.getValue());
    }

    public void deleteFlyPattern(){

        repo.deletePattern(mObservablePattern.getValue());
    }
}

我了解为什么会收到nullpointException.

I understand why I am getting the nullpointException.

我的问题是如何实例化我的mObservablePattern以便更新它.

My question is how to instantiate my mObservablePattern so I can update it.

如果loadPattern返回一个对象，它将被实例化.

It gets instantiated if the loadPattern returns an object.

如果loaddata没有运行或确实从数据库返回了一个对象，那么我将无法更新mObservablePattern.

If the loaddata does not run or does return an object from the database then I cannot update mObservablePattern.

错误的堆栈跟踪:

 Process: com.rb.android.flytyingjournal, PID: 4957
  java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'void com.rb.android.flytyingjournal.entities.FlyPattern.setType(java.lang.String)' on a null object reference
      at com.rb.android.flytyingjournal.flypatterndetails.PatternDetailsFragment$5.onItemSelected(PatternDetailsFragment.java:325)
      at android.widget.AdapterView.fireOnSelected(AdapterView.java:931)
      at android.widget.AdapterView.dispatchOnItemSelected(AdapterView.java:920)
      at android.widget.AdapterView.-wrap1(AdapterView.java)
      at android.widget.AdapterView$SelectionNotifier.run(AdapterView.java:890)
      at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751)
      at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
      at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
      at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6119)
      at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
      at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:886)
      at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:776)

推荐答案

您正试图在NULL上调用setName().因为patternViewModel.getPattern().getValue()返回保存在LiveData中的值，在您的情况下可能为NULL.您可以添加一个空检查:

You are trying to call setName() on a NULL. Because patternViewModel.getPattern().getValue() returns the value that is held in the LiveData, which might be NULL in your case. You can add a null check:

 if (patternViewModel.getPattern().getValue() == null) {
    FlyPattern flyPattern = new FlyPattern();
    flyPattern.setName("foo");
    patternViewModel.getPattern().setValue(flyPattern);
 } else {
    patternViewModel.getPattern().getValue().setName("foo");
 }

或者您可以在ViewModel中创建一个函数，例如setFlyPatternName()并使用它来更新数据库.
在您的PatternViewModel.java

Or you can create a function in the ViewModel called e.g. setFlyPatternName() and use it to update your DB.
In your PatternViewModel.java

public void setFlyPatternName(String name) {
    if (mObservablePattern.getValue == null) {
        FlyPattern flyPattern = new FlyPattern();
        flyPattern.setName(name);
        mObservablePattern.setValue(flyPattern);
        repo.insertFlyPattern();
    } else {
        mObservablePattern.getValue().setName(name);
        repo.updateFlyPattern();
    }
}

执行此操作的正确方法实际上有所不同.通常，您的存储库函数需要在后台线程上运行，因为您正在处理I/O，但是如果您希望它们在mainThread上运行，则需要至少创建一个回调并将该回调对象传递给您的存储库函数，插入/更新/删除数据时将调用.当调用回调函数时，您需要在LiveData上调用setValue()并将数据设置为livedata对象.

The proper way of doing this is actually a bit different.Normally your repository functions need to work on the background thread, since you are dealing with i/o, but if you want them to work on the mainThread you need to at least create a callback and pass that callback object to your repository function, which will be called when the data is inserted/updated/deleted. And when the callback function is called you need to call the setValue() on the LiveData and set the data to your livedata object.

创建一个回调接口:

public interface InsertCallback {
    void onDataInserted(FlyPattern flyPattern);

    void onDataInsertFailed();
}

更改存储库插入函数的主体以接受Callback对象作为参数

Change your repositories insert function's body to accept the Callback object as parameter

public void insertFlyPattern(FlyPattern flyPattern, InsertCallback insertCallback) {
    // Do your insertion and if it is successful call insertCallback.onDataInserted(flyPattern), otherwise call insertCallback.onDataInsertFailed();
}

在您的ViewModel中实现InsertCallback及其方法

In your ViewModel implement InsertCallback and it's method

public class PatternViewModel extends AndroidViewModel implements InsertCallback {
//....

public void onDataInserted(FlyPattern flyPattern) {
    mObservablePattern.setValue(flyPattern);
}

public void onDataInsertFailed() {
    //Show error message
}

}

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