HamsterBear 构建可启动的镜像
Allwinner SoC 上电后会执行BootROM中的程序，会依次从SDIO，SPI等接口查询可引导的设备，
SPI设备具有最低引导权，若无法查询到可引导设备，会自动进入FEL模式，此时可使用sunxi-fel
通过USB启动spl或者uboot，也可以将引导文件烧写进外部flash。
提供两种启动方式
Nor Flash- XT25F128B等eMMC/MMC TF- SDIN5D2-4G TF等
两种启动方式的配置互相冲突
从Nor Flash启动
uboot 添加 flash id
其他id的flash的添加操作类似vim drivers/mtd/spi/spi_flash_ids.c +154
#ifdef CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_WINBOND /* WINBOND */
{"w25p80", INFO(0xef2014, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 16, 0) },
{"w25p16", INFO(0xef2015, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 32, 0) },
{"w25p32", INFO(0xef2016, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 64, 0) },
{"w25x40", INFO(0xef3013, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 8, SECT_4K) },
{"w25x16", INFO(0xef3015, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 32, SECT_4K) },
{"w25x32", INFO(0xef3016, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 64, SECT_4K) },
{"w25x64", INFO(0xef3017, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 128, SECT_4K) },
{"w25q80bl", INFO(0xef4014, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 16, RD_FULL | WR_QPP | SECT_4K) },
{"w25q16cl", INFO(0xef4015, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 32, RD_FULL | WR_QPP | SECT_4K) },
{"w25q32bv", INFO(0xef4016, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 64, RD_FULL | WR_QPP | SECT_4K) },
{"w25q64cv", INFO(0xef4017, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 128, RD_FULL | WR_QPP | SECT_4K) },
{"w25q128bv", INFO(0xef4018, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 256, RD_FULL | WR_QPP | SECT_4K) },
{"w25q256", INFO(0xef4019, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 512, RD_FULL | WR_QPP | SECT_4K) },
{"w25q80bw", INFO(0xef5014, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 16, RD_FULL | WR_QPP | SECT_4K) },
{"w25q16dw", INFO(0xef6015, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 32, RD_FULL | WR_QPP | SECT_4K) },
{"w25q32dw", INFO(0xef6016, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 64, RD_FULL | WR_QPP | SECT_4K) },
{"w25q64dw", INFO(0xef6017, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 128, RD_FULL | WR_QPP | SECT_4K) },
{"w25q128fw", INFO(0xef6018, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 256, RD_FULL | WR_QPP | SECT_4K) },
{"xt25f128", INFO(0x0b4018, 0x0, 64 * 1024, 256, 0) },
uboot 添加 CONFIG_BOOTCMD
vim u-boot/include/configs/suniv.h
添加
#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND "sf probe 0 50000000; " \
"sf read 0x80C00000 0x100000 0x4000; " \
"sf read 0x80008000 0x110000 0x400000; " \
"bootz 0x80008000 - 0x80C00000"
uboot 修改 bootargs
# uboot中使用了一块内存作为了LCD framebuffer，如果不限制内核内存空间，会导致lcd花屏一段时间
# mem=31M 是最简单的处理办法
make menuconfig
勾选Enable boot arguments
在Boot arguments后的括号中粘贴如下内容
console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200 panic=5 root=/dev/mtdblock3 rw rootfstype=jffs2 mem=31M
修改linux dts
修改spi0节点
&spi0 {
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&spi0_pins_a>;
status = "okay";
spi-max-frequency = <50000000>;
flash: xt25f128@0 {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;
compatible = "winbond,xt25f128", "jedec,spi-nor";
reg = <0>;
spi-max-frequency = <50000000>;
partitions {
compatible = "fixed-partitions";
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;
partition@0 {
label = "u-boot";
reg = <0x000000 0x100000>;
read-only;
};
partition@100000 {
label = "dtb";
reg = <0x100000 0x10000>;
read-only;
};
partition@110000 {
label = "kernel";
reg = <0x110000 0x400000>;
read-only;
};
partition@510000 {
label = "rootfs";
reg = <0x510000 0xAF0000>;
};
};
};
};
自定义根文件系统
# 解包根文件系统
tar zxvf rootfs.tar.gz -C rootfs/
# 拷贝需要的文件
cp demo rootfs/root/
cp lib/module/5.19-model/ rootfs/lib/module/ -r
# 重新打包
mkfs.jffs2 -L -s 0x100 -e 0x10000 --pad=0xAF0000 -d rootfs/ -o rootfs.jffs2
创建大小为16M的空文件
dd if=/dev/zero of=nor_flash_image bs=1M count=16
将对应文件写入启动文件 或者 flash
# 写入文件
dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=nor_flash_image bs=1K conv=notrunc
dd if=suniv-f1c100s-licheepi-nano-with-lcd.dtb of=nor_flash_image bs=1K seek=1024 conv=notrunc
dd if=zImage of=nor_flash_image bs=1K seek=1088 conv=notrunc
dd if=rootfs.jffs2 of=nor_flash_image bs=1K seek=5184 conv=notrunc
# 直接写入flash
sudo sunxi-fel -p spiflash-write 0x000000 u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin
sudo sunxi-fel -p spiflash-write 0x100000 suniv-f1c100s-licheepi-nano-with-lcd.dtb
sudo sunxi-fel -p spiflash-write 0x110000 zImage
sudo sunxi-fel -p spiflash-write 0x510000 rootfs.jffs2
启动日志
从 MMC/eMMC TF 启动
创建大小为256M的空文件
dd if=/dev/zero of=tf_image bs=1M count=256
文件分区操作
# 1M,16M,c 表示
# start : 1M
# size : 16M
# MBR 分区ID : c
# ,,L 表示 将扩展分区全部划成逻辑分区
cat <<EOT |sudo sfdisk tf_image
1M,16M,c
,,L
EOT
# 分区结构
Disk /dev/loop25: 256 MiB, 268435456 bytes, 524288 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x517353ca
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/loop25p1 2048 34815 32768 16M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/loop25p2 34816 524287 489472 239M 83 Linux
将文件挂载为loop设备
losetup -f tf_image
格式化分区
mkfs.vfat /dev/loop25p1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/loop25p2
将uboot镜像烧录到文件头部8K偏移处
dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/loop25 bs=1024 seek=8
dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/sdb bs=1K seek=8
挂载loop设备
mount /dev/loop25p1 boot/
mount /dev/loop25p2 rootfs/
编译boot.cmd
# boot.cmd内容
setenv bootargs console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200 panic=5 rw rootwait root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 mem=64M
load mmc 0:1 0x80C00000 suniv-f1c100s-licheepi-nano-with-lcd.dtb
load mmc 0:1 0x80008000 zImage
bootz 0x80008000 - 0x80C00000
# 编译生成boot.scr
mkimage -C none -A arm -T script -d boot.cmd boot.scr
拷贝文件到对应分区
# boot启动分区
cp zImage boot/
cp boot.scr boot/
cp suniv-f1c100s-licheepi-nano-with-lcd.dtb boot/
# rootfs根文件系统分区
tar zxvf rootfs.tar.gz -C rootfs/
驱动文件拷贝
外部程序导入
取消挂载，并移除loop设备
umount boot/ && umount rootfs && losetup -d /dev/loop25
将启动镜像烧录进容器
dd if=tf_image of=/dev/sdb bs=1M
启动日志
U-Boot SPL 2018.01-05679-g013ca457fd-dirty (Mar 19 2022 - 17:51:31)
DRAM: 64 MiB
Trying to boot from MMC1
U-Boot 2018.01-05679-g013ca457fd-dirty (Mar 19 2022 - 17:51:31 -0400)HamsterBear-Model0
CPU: Allwinner F Series (SUNIV)
Model: Lichee Pi Nano
DRAM: 64 MiB
MMC: SUNXI SD/MMC: 0
SF: unrecognized JEDEC id bytes: 00, 00, 00
*** Warning - spi_flash_probe_bus_cs() failed, using default environment
In: serial@1c25000
Out: serial@1c25000
Err: serial@1c25000
Net: No ethernet found.
starting USB...
No controllers found
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
switch to partitions #0, OK
mmc0 is current device
Scanning mmc 0:1...
Found U-Boot script /boot.scr
reading /boot.scr
289 bytes read in 14 ms (19.5 KiB/s)
## Executing script at 80c50000
reading suniv-f1c100s-licheepi-nano-with-lcd.dtb
8200 bytes read in 28 ms (285.2 KiB/s)
reading zImage
3836184 bytes read in 186 ms (19.7 MiB/s)
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 80c00000
Booting using the fdt blob at 0x80c00000
Loading Device Tree to 816fa000, end 816ff007 ... OK
Starting kernel ...
[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.15.0-rc8-licheepi-nano+ (root@100ask) (gcc version 7.5.0 (Linaro GCC 7.5-2019.12)) #6 Tue Mar 8 13:40:38 EST 2022
[ 0.000000] CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=0005317f
[ 0.000000] CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Machine model: Lichee Pi Nano
[ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writeback