Ubuntu APT（qbit）

apt 与 apt-get

APT: Advanced Packaging Tool
apt 命令不是 apt-get 的简写
apt 整合了 apt-get、apt-cache 和 apt-config 中的常用命令
可以将 apt 看作 apt-get 的升级版

常用命令对比

apt install	apt install unzip	apt-get install	安装软件包
apt remove	apt remove unzip	apt-get remove	移除软件包
apt purge	apt purge unzip	apt-get purge	移除软件包及配置文件
apt update	apt update	apt-get update	刷新存储库索引
apt upgrade	apt upgrade	apt-get upgrade	升级所有可升级的软件包
apt autoremove	apt autoremove	apt-get autoremove	自动删除不需要的包
apt full-upgrade	apt full-upgrade	apt-get dist-upgrade	在升级软件包时自动处理依赖关系
apt search	apt search unzip	apt-cache search	在 package descriptions 搜索
apt show	apt show unzip	apt-cache show	显示 package 的详细情况
apt list	apt list "*unzip"	无	根据 package 名字列出 package
apt list --installed	apt list --installed	无	查看已安装的 package
apt edit-sources	apt edit-sources	无	编辑源列表

软件仓库

main	免费	Ubuntu官方维护
universe	免费	社区维护
restricted	收费	第三方维护（一般是品牌厂商）
multiverse	收费	野库

可以用命令查看某个 package 属于 Main，Universe，Restricted 还是 Multiverse。
```
apt policy <package>
```
也可以在 launchpad 查看

更新等级

UbuntuUpdates

security：重要的安全更新
updates：非安全性更新，即不影响到系统安全的 bug 修补。
proposed：预更新，小 beta 版，过后会进入[updates]或[security]。
backports：新软件的反向导出，新软件为老系统编译的版本。

软件源

中科大

/etc/apt/sources.list 生成器： repository file generator

替换 sources.list 的命令

# http 源
wget https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/repogen/conf/ubuntu-http-4-focal -O sources.list
# or https 源
wget https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/repogen/conf/ubuntu-https-4-focal -O sources.list
sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo mv sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update

阿里云

阿里云 Ubuntu 镜像
编辑文件 /etc/apt/sources.list
```
sudo apt edit-sources
```

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS（x86）

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS（arm）

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

qbiter

Ubuntu APT（qbit）

apt 与 apt-get

软件仓库

更新等级

软件源

中科大

阿里云